Studies On Genotoxicity In Ornamental Fish Of Poecilia Reticulata Using Mangrove Crude Extract
Abstract
Genotoxicity, the potential of substances to damage genetic material in cells, poses significant risks to aquatic organisms, which serve as crucial bioindicators of environmental health. This study investigates the genotoxic effects of Avicennia marina crude extract on Poecilia reticulata (guppy fish) using the comet assay. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, indicating a diverse array of secondary metabolites with significant therapeutic potential. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of various bioactive compounds in the crude extract, such as aliphatic primary amines, alkanes, amine salts, alkenes, and halo compounds. Guppy fish exposed to 25 µg/ml of the extract showed no significant DNA damage, indicating non-genotoxicity at this concentration. However, exposure to higher concentrations (50, 75, and 100 µg/ml) resulted in a progressive increase in DNA fragmentation, with the highest concentration causing the most substantial damage (18.5% DNA fragmentation). These findings highlight the dose-dependent genotoxic potential of A.marina crude extract, likely mediated by oxidative stress and direct DNA interactions. This study underscores the importance of evaluating the environmental impact of natural bioactive compounds to ensure the safety and protection of aquatic ecosystems.
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