The Role of Wildlife in Ecosystem Health: Interactions and Impacts
Keywords:
Wildlife, Ecosystem Health, Biodiversity, Conservation, Sustainable Management, Ecosystem Services, Pollination, Seed Dispersal, Nutrient Cycling, Water Purification, Habitat Loss, Climate Change, Human-Wildlife
Abstract
This research paper explores the intricate connections between wildlife and ecosystem health, aiming to unravel the diverse interactions and impacts that wildlife species have on the well-being of ecosystems. By synthesizing existing literature, analyzing case studies, and evaluating conservation strategies, this study sheds light on the critical role of wildlife in maintaining biodiversity, ecological processes, and overall ecosystem resilience. The findings underscore the importance of understanding these interactions for effective conservation and sustainable management practices.
References
[1] Estes, J.A., Terborgh, J., Brashares, J.S., Power, M.E., Berger, J., Bond, W.J., ... and Wardle, D.A. (2011). Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science, 333(6040), 301-306.
[2] Soulé, M.E., Bolger, D.T., Alberts, A.C., Wright, J., Sorice, M., & Hill, S. (1988). Reconstructed dynamics of rapid extinctions of chaparral‐requiring birds in urban habitat islands. Conservation Biology, 2(1), 75-92.
[3] Terborgh, J., Lopez, L., Nunez, P., Rao, M., Shahabuddin, G., Orihuela, G., ... and Balbas, L. (2001). Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments. Science, 294(5548), 1923-1926.
[4] Sekercioglu, C.H., Daily, G.C., & Ehrlich, P.R. (2004). Ecosystem consequences of bird declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(52), 18042-18047.
[5] Noss, R.F., Quigley, H.B., Hornocker, M.G., Merrill, T., & Paquet, P.C. (1996). Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology, 10(4), 949-963.
[6] Kakade, S. V., Dabade, T. D., Patil, V. C., Ajani, S. N., Bahulekar, A., & Sawant, R. (2023). Examining the Social Determinants of Health in Urban Communities: A Comparative Analysis. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 111–125.
[7] Pangarkar, S. C., Paigude, S., Banait, S. S., Ajani, S. N., Mange, P., & Bramhe, M. V. (2023). Occupational Stress and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study in High-Stress Professions. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 68–80.
[8] Ripple, W.J., Estes, J.A., Beschta, R.L., Wilmers, C.C., Ritchie, E.G., Hebblewhite, M., ... and Letnic, M. (2014). Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores. Science, 343(6167), 151.
[9] Woodroffe, R., & Ginsberg, J.R. (1998). Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science, 280(5372), 2126-2128.
[10] Fahrig, L. (2003). Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 487-515.
[11] Laurance, W.F., Lovejoy, T.E., Vasconcelos, H.L., Bruna, E.M., Didham, R.K., Stouffer, P.C., ... and Gascon, C. (2002). Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments: a 22-year investigation. Conservation Biology, 16(3), 605-618.
[12] Crooks, K.R., Burdett, C.L., Theobald, D.M., Rondinini, C., & Boitani, L. (2011). Global patterns of fragmentation and connectivity of mammalian carnivore habitat. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1578), 2642-2651.
[13] Kinnaird, M.F., & O'Brien, T.G. (2012). Effects of private-land use, livestock management, and human tolerance on diversity, distribution, and abundance of large African mammals. Conservation Biology, 26(6), 1026-1039.
[14] Cardillo, M., Mace, G.M., Jones, K.E., Bielby, J., Bininda-Emonds, O.R., Sechrest, W., ... and Purvis, A. (2005). Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science, 309(5738), 1239-1241.
[15] Dobson, A.P., &Foufopoulos, J. (2001). Emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1411), 1001-1012.
[16] Kumbhar, U. T., Ashok, W. V., Nashte, A., Limkar, S., Patil, V. C., & Chaudhari, K. (2023). Globalization and Public Health: An Examination of Cross-Border Health Issues. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 171–180.
[17] Patil, V. C., Ali, G. S., Nashte, A., Rautdesai, R., Garud, S. K., & Sable, N. P. (2023). Public Health Policy and Infectious Disease Control: Lessons from Recent Outbreaks. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 162–170.
[18] Lindenmayer, D.B., & Fischer, J. (2006). Habitat fragmentation and landscape change: an ecological and conservation synthesis. Island Press.
[19] Wilcove, D.S., Rothstein, D., Dubow, J., Phillips, A., &Losos, E. (1998). Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. BioScience, 48(8), 607-615.
[20] Schipper, J., Chanson, J.S., Chiozza, F., Cox, N.A., Hoffmann, M., Katariya, V., ... and Rodrigues, A.S. (2008). The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge. Science, 322(5899), 225-230.
[21] Pimm, S.L., Jenkins, C.N., Abell, R., Brooks, T.M., Gittleman, J.L., Joppa, L.N., ... and Sexton, J.O. (2014). The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science, 344(6187), 1246752.
[22] Chapron, G., Kaczensky, P., Linnell, J.D.C., von Arx, M., Huber, D., Andrén, H., ... and Boitani, L. (2014). Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes. Science, 346(6216), 1517-1519.
[23] Laurance, W.F., Albernaz, A.K.M., Schroth, G., Fearnside, P.M., Bergen, S., Venticinque, E.M., ... and Cochrane, M.A. (2002). Predictors of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography, 29(5‐6), 737-748.
[24] Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853-858.
[2] Soulé, M.E., Bolger, D.T., Alberts, A.C., Wright, J., Sorice, M., & Hill, S. (1988). Reconstructed dynamics of rapid extinctions of chaparral‐requiring birds in urban habitat islands. Conservation Biology, 2(1), 75-92.
[3] Terborgh, J., Lopez, L., Nunez, P., Rao, M., Shahabuddin, G., Orihuela, G., ... and Balbas, L. (2001). Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments. Science, 294(5548), 1923-1926.
[4] Sekercioglu, C.H., Daily, G.C., & Ehrlich, P.R. (2004). Ecosystem consequences of bird declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(52), 18042-18047.
[5] Noss, R.F., Quigley, H.B., Hornocker, M.G., Merrill, T., & Paquet, P.C. (1996). Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology, 10(4), 949-963.
[6] Kakade, S. V., Dabade, T. D., Patil, V. C., Ajani, S. N., Bahulekar, A., & Sawant, R. (2023). Examining the Social Determinants of Health in Urban Communities: A Comparative Analysis. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 111–125.
[7] Pangarkar, S. C., Paigude, S., Banait, S. S., Ajani, S. N., Mange, P., & Bramhe, M. V. (2023). Occupational Stress and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study in High-Stress Professions. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 68–80.
[8] Ripple, W.J., Estes, J.A., Beschta, R.L., Wilmers, C.C., Ritchie, E.G., Hebblewhite, M., ... and Letnic, M. (2014). Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores. Science, 343(6167), 151.
[9] Woodroffe, R., & Ginsberg, J.R. (1998). Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science, 280(5372), 2126-2128.
[10] Fahrig, L. (2003). Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 487-515.
[11] Laurance, W.F., Lovejoy, T.E., Vasconcelos, H.L., Bruna, E.M., Didham, R.K., Stouffer, P.C., ... and Gascon, C. (2002). Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments: a 22-year investigation. Conservation Biology, 16(3), 605-618.
[12] Crooks, K.R., Burdett, C.L., Theobald, D.M., Rondinini, C., & Boitani, L. (2011). Global patterns of fragmentation and connectivity of mammalian carnivore habitat. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1578), 2642-2651.
[13] Kinnaird, M.F., & O'Brien, T.G. (2012). Effects of private-land use, livestock management, and human tolerance on diversity, distribution, and abundance of large African mammals. Conservation Biology, 26(6), 1026-1039.
[14] Cardillo, M., Mace, G.M., Jones, K.E., Bielby, J., Bininda-Emonds, O.R., Sechrest, W., ... and Purvis, A. (2005). Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science, 309(5738), 1239-1241.
[15] Dobson, A.P., &Foufopoulos, J. (2001). Emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1411), 1001-1012.
[16] Kumbhar, U. T., Ashok, W. V., Nashte, A., Limkar, S., Patil, V. C., & Chaudhari, K. (2023). Globalization and Public Health: An Examination of Cross-Border Health Issues. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 171–180.
[17] Patil, V. C., Ali, G. S., Nashte, A., Rautdesai, R., Garud, S. K., & Sable, N. P. (2023). Public Health Policy and Infectious Disease Control: Lessons from Recent Outbreaks. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, 162–170.
[18] Lindenmayer, D.B., & Fischer, J. (2006). Habitat fragmentation and landscape change: an ecological and conservation synthesis. Island Press.
[19] Wilcove, D.S., Rothstein, D., Dubow, J., Phillips, A., &Losos, E. (1998). Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. BioScience, 48(8), 607-615.
[20] Schipper, J., Chanson, J.S., Chiozza, F., Cox, N.A., Hoffmann, M., Katariya, V., ... and Rodrigues, A.S. (2008). The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge. Science, 322(5899), 225-230.
[21] Pimm, S.L., Jenkins, C.N., Abell, R., Brooks, T.M., Gittleman, J.L., Joppa, L.N., ... and Sexton, J.O. (2014). The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science, 344(6187), 1246752.
[22] Chapron, G., Kaczensky, P., Linnell, J.D.C., von Arx, M., Huber, D., Andrén, H., ... and Boitani, L. (2014). Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes. Science, 346(6216), 1517-1519.
[23] Laurance, W.F., Albernaz, A.K.M., Schroth, G., Fearnside, P.M., Bergen, S., Venticinque, E.M., ... and Cochrane, M.A. (2002). Predictors of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography, 29(5‐6), 737-748.
[24] Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853-858.
Published
2024-01-03
How to Cite
Shilpa Ruikar. (2024). The Role of Wildlife in Ecosystem Health: Interactions and Impacts. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1), 275 - 295. Retrieved from https://www.veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/520
Issue
Section
Articles
