Supplementing Marine Algae Affects Lamb Production, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Wool Measurements
Keywords:
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), Fatty Acid (FA), Skirt Muscle (SM), per renal adipose tissue (PAT),, Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid was first discovered in microalgae. The food chain of marine animals and its possible use in animal feed to boost docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in animal-based meals. This research set out to learn more about the outcomes of supplementing with a high-DHA algal meal made from Schizochytrium species. Fatty acid (FA) profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), per renal adipose tissue (PAT), and skirt muscle (SM) on growth, carcass features, wool output, and dietary fat sources in Canadian Arcott lambs. All forty-four lambs were randomly assigned to one of two diet groups. To simulate the effects of flax oil and barley grain, DHA-G was added to a polluted, barley-based finishing diet at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% DM. Daily records were kept of both Orts and feed deliveries. Each of their day's quantity of orts plus grain delivery was tracked. The lambs were weighed once a week, and when they reached their final weight, they were butchered. Composition of the human organism and ruminal fluids are related to the function of the liver. At the time of slaughter, weights were taken and documented. Mid-side sections had been sheared on day zero and the day before the massacre to evaluate wool output. Wool density, fibber diameter, and staple length were measured with the use of dye bands. At slaughter, fatty tissues and SM samples were collected for FA profiling. They suggest that DHA-G may be effectively incorporated at levels up to 3% DM in the diets of growing lambs, with the potential to enhance carcasses, includes and the FA profile of adipose tissue and strength.
References
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[23] Hewavitharana, G.G., Perera, D.N., Navaratne, S.B. and Wickramasinghe, I., 2020. Extraction methods of fat from food samples and preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(8), pp.6865-6875.
[24] Crowley, J., 2020. Plastic bag consumption habits in the Northern Philippines. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 160, p.104848.
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[27] Liu, K., Li, Y., Luo, G., Xin, H., Zhang, Y. and Li, G., 2020. The relationships of dairy ruminal odd-and branched-chain fatty acids to the duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow and volatile fatty acids. Livestock Science, 233, p.103971.
[28] Saare, M., Tserel, L., Haljasmägi, L., Taalberg, E., Peet, N., Eimre, M., Vetik, R., Kingo, K., Saks, K., Tamm, R. and Milani, L., 2020. Monocytes present age‐related changes in phospholipid concentration and decreased energy metabolism. Aging Cell, 19(4), p.e13127.
[29] Nguyen, Q.V., Malau-Aduli, B.S., Cavalieri, J., Nichols, P.D. and Malau-Aduli, A.E., 2019. We are enhancing the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content of dairy-derived foods for human consumption—nutrients, 11(4), p.743.
[30] Lu, Z., Yue, Y., Yuan, C., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Niu, C., Sun, X., Zhu, S., Zhao, H., Guo, T. and Yang, B., 2020. Genome-wide association study of body weight traits in Chinese fine-wool sheep. Animals, 10(1), p.170.
[2] Fan, Y., Ren, C., Meng, F., Deng, K., Zhang, G. and Wang, F., 2019. Effects of algae supplementation in high-energy dietary on fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in Hu sheep managed under intensive finishing system. Meat Science, 157, p.107872.
[3] Gómez-Cortés, P., de la Fuente, M.A., Peña Blanco, F., Núñez-Sánchez, N., Requena Domenech, F. and Martínez Marín, A.L., 2021. Feeding algae meal to feedlot lambs with sharp reticular groove reflex increases omega-3 fatty acids in meat—foods, 10(2), p.366.
[4] Malau-Aduli, A.E., Nguyen, D.V., Le, H.V., Nguyen, Q.V., Otto, J.R., Malau-Aduli, B.S. and Nichols, P.D., 2019. Correlations between growth and wool quality traits of genetically divergent Australian lambs in response to canola or flaxseed oil supplementation. PLoS One, 14(1), p.e0208229.
[5] de Lima Valença, R., da Silva Sobrinho, A.G., Borghi, T.H., Meza, D.A.R., de Andrade, N., Silva, L.G. and Bezerra, L.R., 2021. Performance, carcass traits, physicochemical properties and fatty acids composition of lamb's meat fed diets with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.)—Livestock Science, 243, p.104387.
[6] Cal-Pereyra, L., González-Montaña, J.R., Neimaur Fernández, K., Abreu-Palermo, M.C., Martín Alonso, M.J., Velázquez-Ordoñez, V. and Acosta-Dibarrat, J., 2023. Effects of ewe’s diet supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids on meat lipid profile of suckling lambs. Agriculture, 13(3), p.710.
[7] Vítor, A.C.M., Godinho, M., Francisco, A.E., Silva, J., Almeida, J., Fialho, L., Soldado, D., Jerónimo, E., Scollan, N.D., Huws, S.A. and Santos-Silva, J., 2023. Nannochloropsis oceanica microalga feeding increases long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in lamb meat. Meat Science, 197, p.109053.
[8] Pewan, S.B., Otto, J.R., Kinobe, R.T., Adegboye, O.A. and Malau-Aduli, A.E.O., 2021. Nutritional enhancement of health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle, liver, kidney, and heart of Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA lambs fed pellets fortified with omega-3 oil in a feedlot system—biology, 10(9), p.912.
[9] Pewan, S.B., Otto, J.R., Huerlimann, R., Budd, A.M., Mwangi, F.W., Edmunds, R.C., Holman, B.W.B., Henry, M.L.E., Kinobe, R.T., Adegboye, O.A. and Malau-Aduli, A.E.O., 2020. Genetics of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and meat eating quality in Tattykeel Australian White lambs. Genes, 11(5), p.587.
[10] La, A.L.T.Z., Pierce, K.M., Liu, W.H., Gao, S.T., Bu, D.P. and Ma, L., 2021. Supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. enhances the growth performance and antioxidant capability of dairy calves before weaning—Animal Feed Science and Technology, 271, p.114779.
[11] Weinert-Nelson, J.R., Ely, D.G., Flythe, M.D., Hamilton, T.A., May, J.B., Ferrell, J.L., Hamilton, M.C., LeeAnn Jacks, W. and Davis, B.E., 2023. Red clover supplementation modifies rumen fermentation and promotes feed efficiency in ram lambs—Journal of Animal Science, 101, p.skad036.
[12] Yousefi, A.R., Sadeghipanah, A., Kohram, H., Zare Shahneh, A., Dadashpour Davachi, N., Aghashahi, A. and Ponnampalam, E.N., 2019. Determination of optimum carcass weight for meat quality and fatty acid composition in fat-tailed male and female Chall lambs. Tropical animal health and production, 51, pp.545-553.
[13] Peng, K., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Chen, B., Sun, Y., Mo, W., Li, G. and Huang, Y., 2020. Condensed tannins enhanced antioxidant capacity and hypoxic stress survivability but not growth performance and fatty acid profile of juvenile Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicas)—Animal Feed Science and Technology, 269, p.114671.
[14] Pewan, S.B., Otto, J.R., Huerlimann, R., Budd, A.M., Mwangi, F.W., Edmunds, R.C., Holman, B.W.B., Henry, M.L.E., Kinobe, R.T., Adegboye, O.A. and Malau-Aduli, A.E.O., 2021. Next-generation sequencing of single nucleotide polymorphic DNA-markers in selecting intramuscular fat, fat melting point, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and meat eating quality in Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA lamb. Foods, 10(10), p.2288.
[15] Forwood, D.L., Holman, B.W., Hopkins, D.L., Smyth, H.E., Hoffman, L.C., Chaves, A.V. and Meale, S.J., 2021. Feeding unsaleable carrots to lambs increased performance and carcass characteristics while maintaining meat quality. Meat Science, 173, p.108402.
[16] Nekrasov, E.V. and Svetashev, V.I., 2021. Edible far eastern ferns as a dietary source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Foods, 10(6), p.1220.
[17] Vahedi, V., Hedayat-Evrigh, N., Holman, B.W. and Ponnampalam, E.N., 2021. Supplementing macro algae (Azolla pinnata) in a finishing ration alters feed efficiency, blood parameters, carcass traits, and meat sensory properties in lambs—Small Ruminant Research, 203, p.106498.
[18] Malau-Aduli, A.E., Nguyen, D.V., Le, H.V., Nguyen, Q.V., Otto, J.R., Malau-Aduli, B.S. and Nichols, P.D., 2019. Correlations between growth and wool quality traits of genetically divergent Australian lambs in response to canola or flaxseed oil supplementation. PLoS One, 14(1), p.e0208229.
[19] Fan, Y., Ren, C., Meng, F., Deng, K., Zhang, G. and Wang, F., 2019. Effects of algae supplementation in high-energy dietary on fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in Hu sheep managed under intensive finishing system. Meat Science, 157, p.107872.
[20] Hoffman, L.C., Claasen, B., Van der Merwe, D.A., Cloete, S.W.P. and Cloete, J.J.E., 2020. The effects of production system and sex on the sensory quality characteristics of Dorper lamb. Foods, 9(6), p.725.
[21] Lancheros, J.P., Espinosa, C.D. and Stein, H.H., 2020. Effects of particle size reduction, pelleting, and extrusion on the nutritional value of ingredients and diets fed to pigs: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 268, p.114603.
[22] Mishra, P., Klont, R., Verkleij, T. and Wisse, S., 2021. Translating near-infrared spectroscopy from laboratory to commercial slaughterhouse: Existing challenges and solutions. Infrared Physics & Technology, 119, p.103918.
[23] Hewavitharana, G.G., Perera, D.N., Navaratne, S.B. and Wickramasinghe, I., 2020. Extraction methods of fat from food samples and preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(8), pp.6865-6875.
[24] Crowley, J., 2020. Plastic bag consumption habits in the Northern Philippines. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 160, p.104848.
[25] Ayotte, J. and Laliberté, E., 2022. We are measuring leaf carbon fractions with the ANKOM2000 Fiber Analyzer.
[26] Hamo, R., 2019. Enhancing the eating quality of concentrate-fed lambs (Doctoral dissertation, Harper Adams University).
[27] Liu, K., Li, Y., Luo, G., Xin, H., Zhang, Y. and Li, G., 2020. The relationships of dairy ruminal odd-and branched-chain fatty acids to the duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow and volatile fatty acids. Livestock Science, 233, p.103971.
[28] Saare, M., Tserel, L., Haljasmägi, L., Taalberg, E., Peet, N., Eimre, M., Vetik, R., Kingo, K., Saks, K., Tamm, R. and Milani, L., 2020. Monocytes present age‐related changes in phospholipid concentration and decreased energy metabolism. Aging Cell, 19(4), p.e13127.
[29] Nguyen, Q.V., Malau-Aduli, B.S., Cavalieri, J., Nichols, P.D. and Malau-Aduli, A.E., 2019. We are enhancing the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content of dairy-derived foods for human consumption—nutrients, 11(4), p.743.
[30] Lu, Z., Yue, Y., Yuan, C., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Niu, C., Sun, X., Zhu, S., Zhao, H., Guo, T. and Yang, B., 2020. Genome-wide association study of body weight traits in Chinese fine-wool sheep. Animals, 10(1), p.170.
Published
2023-03-10
How to Cite
Ganapathy, K., Chetri, S., & R. K., B. (2023). Supplementing Marine Algae Affects Lamb Production, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Wool Measurements. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(1), 116 - 127. Retrieved from https://www.veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/370
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