Monitoring And Analysis of Water Quality of Educational Institutes of Hamirpur
Keywords:
Physiochemical parameters, Water quality, Correlation, BOD
Abstract
This work is based on evaluation of physicochemical parameters, calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Correlation to investigate the water quality of tap water of fifteen different educational institutes of Hamirpur city (Himachal Pradesh), India. The sampling was done every month from October, 2023 to March, 2024. The parameters like pH, Total Alkalinity (TA), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium Hardness (Ca-H), Magnesium Hardness (Mg-H), Total Hardness (TH), Sulphate (SO4), Chloride (Cl), Dissolved oxygen (DO) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) were investigated. The observed levels of these parameters were found as per BIS standards except DO and BOD which have been found slightly low and high, respectively as per CPCB. Subsequently the Water quality index was calculated from all the measured parameters. The Average value of WQI for these parameters was found to be 14.59±0.21, which indicates the excellent status of water. The correlation coefficient result shows that different physicochemical parameters have significant positive and negative relationship with each other and suggests that the water has an adequate mineral content, minimal organic contamination, and acceptable DO level.
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29. Guidelines on Water Quality monitoring (WQMA 2017).
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31. Vats, G., Geography of Himachal Pradesh, 2020.
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35. Masters, G. M., ELA W.P., Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, 2013
2. Dwivedi, K.N., and Lakhera, A., A review of various methods of correlation analysis on water quality parameters, International Journal of Research Publication and Review, 2022, vol. 3, pp. 1613-1616.
3. Shukla, S.K., and Sharma, R.K., The correlation and regression analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters of Wainganga River water in central India, Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management, 2023, vol. 43, pp.11-17.
4. Akcaya, I. and Ozbaya, O., Assessment of Ecological and Potential Health Risk Caused by Nitrate Pollution of the Berdan and Goksu River Basins, Turkey, Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 2024, vol. 46, pp. 645–651. http://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X24060018
5. Rahman, A., Jahanara, I., and Jolly, Y.N., Assessment of physicochemical properties of water and their seasonal variation in an urban river in Bangladesh, Water Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 14, pp.139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2021.06.006
6. Bilewu, C.F., Ayanda, O.I., and Ajayi, O.T., Assessment of physicochemical parameters in selected water bodies in Oyo and Lagos states, IOP Conf Series Earth and Environmental Science, The Electrochemical Society, 2022, vol. 1054, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1054/1/012045
7. Meher, P.K., Sharma, P., Gautam, Y.P., A Kumar and K P Mishra. Evaluation of water quality of ganges river using water quality index tool, Environment Asia, 2015, vol. 8, pp. 124-132, https://doi.org/10.14456/ea.2015.15
8. Kale, V.S., Consequences of temperature, pH, Turbidity and DO water quality Parameters, International Advanced Research Journal in science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, vol. 3, pp. 2393-8021. https://doi.org/10.17148/IARJSET.2016.3834
9. Fetrat, S., and Islam, S., Investigation of the physicochemical parameters of drinking water in Herat province and its comparison with World Health Organization standards, Discover Water, 2024, vol. 4, 112. https://doi.org/10. 1007/ s43832- 024-00169-8
10. Qureshimatva, U.M., Maurya, R.R., Garnit, S.B., Patel, R.D., and Solanki, H.A., Determination of physic-chemical parameters and water quality index (WQI) of Chandlodia lake, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 2015, vol. 5, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/ 10.4172/2161-0525.1000288
11. Yadav, S.D., Mishra, K., Chaudhary N.K., and Mishra, P., Assessing physicochemical parameters of potable water in Dhankuta, Municipality of Nepal, Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, vol. 3, pp. 17-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150302.11
12. Abdullahi, A.B., Siregar, A.R., Pakiding, W., and Mahyuddin, The analysis of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical oxygen Demand) contents in the water of around laying chicken farms, IOP Conf. Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, vol. 788, pp. 1-6.
13. Ahmed, B.O., Evaluation of drinking water quality from water coolers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Environmental Health Insights, 2023, vol. 17, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302231163676
14. Bhutiani, R., and Khanna, D.R., DO-BOD modelling of river Ganga from Devprayag to Roorkee, India using BMKB model, Pollution, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 25-34. https://doi.org/10.7508/pj.2016.01.003
15. Borah, K., Sharma, P., Bhuyan, B., and Sharma, H., A case study on ground water quality of western Darrang district, Assam with special reference to some parameters and mapping using geospatial techniques, Pollution Research, 2018, vol. 37, pp. 744-749.
16. Das, H., and Borah, K., Iron excess in drinking water of Darrang district of Assam and some adjoining areas, Defence Research Laboratory, Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 1983, vol. 33, pp. 31-37.
17. Kulishenkoa, O. Yu., Klymenkoa, N. A. and Nevinnaa, L.V., Effect of Solar Activity Cycles on the Dnipro Water Quality Parameters, Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 2024, vol. 46, pp. 652–665. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X24060079
18. Chobotara, V.V., Kopilevicha, V.A., and Kravchenkoa, O.O., Analysis of Natural Water Quality in the Dniester River Basin for Economic Utilization, Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 2024, vol. 46, pp. 636–644. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X24060031
19. Jouanneau S., Recoules, L., Durand, M.J., Boukabache, A., Picot, V., Primault, Y., and Thouand, G., Methods for assessing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): Review, Water Research, 49: 62-82, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.066
20. Sahu, M., Shrivastava, A., Jhariya, D.C., Diwan, S., Subhadarsini, J., Evaluation of correlation of physicochemical parameters and major ions present in groundwater of Raipur using discretization, Measurement: Sensors, 2024, vol. 34, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101278
21. Mascher, F., Reinthaler, F., Schuhmann, G., Enayat, U., Sixl W., and Klambauer, B., Microbiological and chemical analysis of drinking water in Southern India (with special consideration of Aeromonas species), Geogr Med Suppl, 1989, vol. 3, pp. 135-140. https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2013.300-306
22. Murali, K., Kumar, R.S., and Elangovan, R., Assessment of ground water quality in Coimbatore South Taluk, Coimbatore district, India, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 2011, vol. 10, pp. 521-524.
23. Rehaili, A. E., and Misbahuddin, M., Levels of trace metals in Riyadh Drinking water at the consumer taps, Journal of King Saud University Engineering Sciences, 1995, vol. 7, pp. 1-22.
24. Sharma, A., and Aggarwal, R. K., Water quality assessment of Schools in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, World Environ, 2020, vol. 15, pp. 253-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.15.2.13
25. Swarnakar, A.K., and Chaubey, S., Testing and analysis of pond water in Raipur city, Chattisgarh, International Journal of Science and Research. 2016, vol. 5, pp. 1962-1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/23197064
26. Okabekwa, V.C., Arinze, R.U., Tabugbo, B.I., Okafor, V.N., Assessment of physicochemical properties of water from Eleme river, south-south Nigeria, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 2024, vol. 49, pp. 013 – 022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v49i1.947
27. Dwivedi, K.N., Lakhera, A., Correlation Analysis of River Narmada by Karl-Pearson Method and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index, International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 2022, vol. 4, pp. 2729-2736.
28. Brown, R.M., Mccleil, N.J., Deiniger, R.A., and Connor, M.F., Water quality index-crossing the physical barrier, Res Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 6, pp. 787–797.
29. Guidelines on Water Quality monitoring (WQMA 2017).
30. Balokhra, J.M., The wonder Land Himachal Pradesh, 2016.
31. Vats, G., Geography of Himachal Pradesh, 2020.
32. Indian Standard Drinking Water-Specification 10500:2012, Bureau of Indian Standards
33. CPCB, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change, Government of India, October 2019.
34. Kovacova V., Estimation a conversion factor between Electrical conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids in Zinty ostrov Surface water, Journal of Polish Engineering Water, 2023, pp 1-10, http://doi.org/10.29227/IM-2024-01-30
35. Masters, G. M., ELA W.P., Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, 2013
Published
2024-04-15
How to Cite
Megha, Abhinav Jamwal, & Dr Vaishnav Kiran. (2024). Monitoring And Analysis of Water Quality of Educational Institutes of Hamirpur. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1), 4156-4161. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i1.2138
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