Ticks: Major Vectors to Blame for the Spread of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Abstract

The present review was performed to identify the importance of ticks in the transmission of the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) to new regions with no previous records of the CCHF virus (CCHFV) presence. One of the critical methods for such transmission is the movement of migrating birds that carry the infected ticks. Tick immune system and salivary glands can be the most important barriers for the entry of the virus, which when is overcome, the viral replication can occur in many sites of the tick body, especially the reproductive system. The current review shares important information regarding the critical situation of the escalating transmission of the CCHF, especially of ticks and ticks via migrating birds, which may introduce the disease to new virus-free regions.