Advancements In Hydrogen Production and The Path to Sustainable Energy

Abstract

Hydrogen production has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential as a clean and sustainable energy source. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of hydrogen production, its challenges, and future directions. Methods of Hydrogen Production involves, 1. Steam Methane Reforming (SMR): This is the most common method of hydrogen production, accounting for approximately 95% of global production. However, SMR is energy-intensive and results in significant greenhouse gas emissions, 2. Electrolysis: This method involves the use of electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolysis can be powered by renewable energy sources, making it a promising alternative to SMR, 3. Biological Hydrogen Production: This method involves the use of microorganisms to produce hydrogen from biomass or wastewater, Challenges in Hydrogen Production involves, a. Energy Efficiency: Most hydrogen production methods are energy-intensive, resulting in significant energy losses. b. Cost: Hydrogen production is currently more expensive than traditional energy sources. c. Infrastructure: The lack of infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage, and distribution hinders its widespread adoption. Future Directions are I. Renewable Energy Integration: Increasing the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. II. Improved Efficiency: Developing more efficient hydrogen production methods, such as advanced electrolysis and biological hydrogen production. III. Infrastructure Development: Building out the necessary infrastructure for hydrogen production, storage, and distribution.