Design And Optimization of Nanosponge
Abstract
Nanosponges are a novel class of hyper-cross linked polymer based colloidal structures consisting of solid nanoparticles with colloidal sizes and nanosized cavities. These nano-sized colloidal carriers have been recently developed and proposed for drug delivery, since their use can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs and provide prolonged release. The present work developed nanosponges containing Puerarin using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Puerarin (20 mg) was dispersed in dichloromethane (DCM) containing ethyl cellulose. The formulations were optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) to examine the effects of ethyl cellulose, PVA, and stirring time on particle size and entrapment efficiency. Further, a gel was prepared using NP9-loaded nanosponges and its physical properties such as texture, color, and homogeneity were analyzed. The particle size and entrapment efficiency were determined for each formulation, with NP9 showing the optimal results. NP9 exhibited a particle size of 252.1 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 84.6%, and a high percentage yield of 87%. The optimized formulation (NP9) also demonstrated a zeta potential of -23.2 mV, indicating good stability of the nanosponges. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical particles, confirming the successful formation of nanosponges. The gel exhibited excellent spreadability (26.22 ± 0.024) and viscosity (5421 cP ±0.016). The in vitro drug release profile showed sustained release over 8 hours, with 86.24% of the drug released. Kinetic release studies revealed that the release followed a zero-order kinetic model, indicating a controlled release mechanism. The formulation of Puerarin-loaded nanosponges using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique was successfully optimized. The results suggest that NP9 formulation holds great potential for future therapeutic applications.
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