Evaluation Of The Level Of Cancer Antigen CA15-3 And CRP Along With Some Immunological And Physiological Variables In Patients With Breast Cancer In Al-Muthanna Governorate.
Keywords:
Breast cancer,, CA15-3, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α
Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratories of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and some private laboratories in the city of Samawah in Al-Muthanna Governorate for a period from 1/15/2024 to 3/15/2024. The study included (80) samples of women of reproductive age, ranging in age from (25-70). year, and were divided into two groups: • Patient group: (40) samples of patients with breast cancer. • Control group: (40) samples of healthy women. The pathological cases of women with breast cancer were confirmed after conducting clinical examinations and referring them to the specialist doctor and performing an ultrasound examination. After that, blood was taken from both groups (patients and healthy people) and separated using a centrifuge. Then the level of cancer antigen was measured. CA15-3 and CRP to confirm whether they have breast cancer, in addition to measuring immune and physiological variables. The results of the current research showed a significant increase in each of the diagnostic, immunological, and physiological indicators in the blood serum of both groups, at a probability level of P ≤ 0.05.References
1. Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Ervik, M., et al. cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC Cancer Base. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2012; 1: (11).132.7.
2. Kolak A, Kamińska M, Sygit K, et al . Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(4):549-53.
3. Alwan NA. Breast cancer among Iraqi women: Preliminary findings from a regional comparative Breast Cancer Research Project. Journal of global oncology. 2016;2(5):255.
4. Alwan, N.A.;Tawfeeq. F. N. and Mallah, A. S; &Har,S.A and Saleh W.A.The stay Demographic and clinical profiles of female patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Iraq. Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 2019 ;5(1):14-19.
5. Lacroix, Marc. "Significance, detection and markers of disseminated breast cancer cells." Endocrine-related cancer 13.4 (2006): 1033-1067.
6. Eltayeb, Toga Farag. Detection of breast cancer using artificial neural networks (ANN). Diss. Sudan University of Science and Technology, 2014.
7. Shyyan, R., Masood, S., Badwe, R. A., Errico, K. M., Liberman, L., Ozmen, V.& Global Summit Diagnosis and Pathology Panel. Breast cancer in limited‐resource countries: diagnosis and pathology. The breast journal, 2006; 12, S27-S37.
8. Maric, P.; Ozretic, P.; Levanat, S. et al. Tumor markers in breast cancer-evaluation of their clinical usefulness. Coll Antropol. 2011;35(1):241-7.
9. Werner, M.; Faser, G. and Silverbery. Clinical utility and validation of emerging biochemical marker for mammary adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Chem. 1993;39(11):2386-96.
10. Tondini, C.; Hayes, D.F. and Gelman, R. Use of various epithelial tumor marker and stromal marker in assessment of cervical carcinoma obstet. J. Gynecol. 1991; 77:566.
11. Kumar, Anil, Adeleh Taghi Khani, and Srividya Swaminathan. "Type I interferons: One stone to concurrently kill two birds, viral infections and cancers." Current Research in Virological Science 2 (2021): 100014.
12. Vernal, Rolando, and Jose A. Garcia-Sanz. "Th17 and Treg cells, two new lymphocyte subpopulations with a key role in the immune response against infection." Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders) 8.4 (2008): 207-220.
13. Gupta, Krishna Kant, Mohd Aqueel Khan, and Sanjeev Kumar Singh. "Constitutive inflammatory cytokine storm: a major threat to human health." Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research 40.1 (2020): 19-23.
14. Greenlee, H., Shi, Z., Hibshoosh, H., Giri, D. D., Ahmed, A., Williams, S., ... & Iyengar, N. M. (2019). Obesity-associated breast inflammation among Hispanic/Latina breast cancer patients. Cancer Prevention Research, 12(1), 21-30.
15. Meng, Y., Sun, J., Yu, J., Wang, C., & Su, J. (2019). Dietary intakes of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium elements and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Biological trace element research, 189(2), 325-335.
16. Nick, Miller. Blocking Fibronectin Protein Prevents Heart Failure, Restores Function . Biology Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute Health Heart Attack Medicine . 2018. 15.
17. Tsung-Cheng Lin, Cheng-Han Yang, et al. Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cells 2020, 9(1), 27.
18. Zhuxian Zhou, Mohammed Qutaish , et al. MRI detection of breast cancer micrometastases with a fibronectin-targeting contrast agent. August 2015. Nature Communications 6(1):7984. DOI:10.1038/ncomms8984.
19. Mohammed , F. Z. Lamis Gamal , Mohamed Farouk Mosa, Mohamed Ibraheim Aref .Assessment of CA15-3 and CEA as Potential markers for Breast carcinoma prognosis in Egyptian Females. AJBAS Volume 2, Issue 1, 2021.
20. Hamdi .E. T , Alsamarai A.T, Ali . A.A . The relationship between vitamin D with breast Cancer. Medical Science. 24(104).2020.
21. Feng, Z.; Li, J.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.; Huang, Y.; Dai, H. et al. Tumor markers CA15-3, CA125, CEA and breast cancer survival by molecular subtype: a cohort study. Breast Cancer2020; 1-10.
22. Braihan Hamdi Hameed 1*, Izzat Abdulsatar Al-Rayahi1, Salwa S. Muhsin2 166- Evaluation of Preoperative CA15-3 Level and its Relationship with Clinico-Pathological Characteristics in Primary Breast Cancer Patients Journal of Techniques, ISSN: 2708-8383, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 30, 2022, Pages 21-26.
23. Huda Hameed Othman(MBChB) 1 , Walaa Najm Abood (PhD) 2 and Nazar Abdul Hassan Alwakeel (FICM) The level of serum Tumor Marker CA15-3 in women with Breast Cancer. Diyala Journal of Medicine. 2018; 15 1 .
24. Panis, C., et al. "Differential oxidative status and immune characterization of the early and advanced stages of human breast cancer." Breast cancer research and treatment 133.3 (2012): 881-888.
25. Allin, Kristine H., et al. "Elevated pre-treatment levels of plasma C-reactive protein are associated with poor prognosis after breast cancer: a cohort study." Breast Cancer Research 13.3 (2011): 1-13.
26. Celik, Betul, et al. "CXCL8, IL-1β and sCD200 are pro-inflammatory cytokines and their levels increase in the circulation of breast carcinoma patients." Biomedical reports 5.2 (2016): 259-263.
27. Asegaonkar, Shilpa Balaji, et al. "C-reactive protein and breast cancer: new insights from old molecule." International journal of breast cancer 2015 (2015).
28. Guo, Lanwei, et al. "C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Scientific reports 5.1 (2015): 1-8.
29. Lithgow, D., & Covington, C. (2005). Chronic inflammation and breast pathology: a theoretical model. Biological research for nursing, 7(2), 118-129.
30. Abdelgawad, I. A., El-Mously, R. H., Saber, M. M., Mansour, O. A., & Shouman, S. A. (2015). Significance of serum levels of vitamin D and some related minerals in breast cancer patients. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 8(4), 4074.
31. Feng, J. F., Lu, L., Zeng, P., Yang, Y. H., Luo, J., Yang, Y. W., & Wang, D. (2012). Serum total oxidant/antioxidant status and trace element levels in breast cancer patients. International journal of clinical oncology, 17(6), 575-583.
32. Karki, K., Pande, D., Negi, R., Khanna, S., Khanna, R. S., & Khanna, H. D. (2015). Association between biomarkers of oxidative stress, trace elements, and cell proliferation index in patients with benign and malignant breast diseases. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 34(1).
33. Al-Hassan AA, Muhymen NA, Ghany AA. Possible Role of IL- 1-a and TNF-a in Breast Cancer. Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2000:11.
34. Alkhafaf DM, AlOmari RS, Alkhozai ZM. Evaluation of T- helper 22 and T-helper17 in patients with breast cancer. breast cancer. 2016: 4:10:11.
35. Al-dulaimy NH, Hassan AJ, Al-Araji SM. Estimation of interferon-a (IFN-a) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in female rats immunized by human breast cancer cell line T47D. Journal of University of Babylon. 2016;24(9),
36. Yu M, Zhou X, Niu L, Lin G, Huang J, Zhou W, Gan H, Wang J, Jiang X, Yin B, Li Z. Targeting transmembrane TNF-a suppresses breast cancer growth. Cancer research. 2016: 1;73(13):4061-74.
37. Balkwill F. Tumour necrosis factor and cancer. Nature reviews cancer.2009:9(5):361-71.
38. Gilmore TD. Introduction to NF-x B: players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene. 2006;25(51):6680-4.
39. Libring s, Aparna Shinde, Monica K. Chanda et al. The Dynamic Relationship of Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts in Fibronectin Accumulation at Primary and Metastatic Tumor Sites. Cancers 2020, 12(5), 1270; Accepted: 15 May 2020 / Published: 17 May 2020.
40. Zhuoran Gong, Min Chen et al. Fibronectin-targeted dual-acting micelles for combination therapy of metastatic breast cancer. Published: 07 February 2020. volume 5, Article number: 12 (2020) .
41. Aparna Shinde, Sarah Libring, Aktan Alpsoy. Autocrine Fibronectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis. DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0151 Published October 2018.
42. Skorstengaard , K .; Jensen , M . S .; Sahi , P .; Petersen , T . E .. Fibronectin . Eur . J Biochem . 1986 ; 161 : 441 – 453 .
43. Nick, Miller. Blocking Fibronectin Protein Prevents Heart Failure, Restores Function . Biology Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute Health Heart Attack Medicine . 2018. 15.
44. Hussein, Abeer Mohammed, Alia H, A, Haider L,M. Study of Certain Biomarkers and Immunohistochemical Parameters in Iraqi Breast Cancer Women, Degree of Doctor, University of Baghdad,College of Science for Women.2020.87.321.
45. Thwani, A. N. A., & Mohsin, S. M. Serum level of interleukin-6 in Breast cancer Iraqi women. Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics,2012. 5(1).
46. Ranjan, S., & Sinha, A. Breast cancer: role of proinflammatory cytokines in the clinical presentation. Medical Journal.2014. 21.564.780.
2. Kolak A, Kamińska M, Sygit K, et al . Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(4):549-53.
3. Alwan NA. Breast cancer among Iraqi women: Preliminary findings from a regional comparative Breast Cancer Research Project. Journal of global oncology. 2016;2(5):255.
4. Alwan, N.A.;Tawfeeq. F. N. and Mallah, A. S; &Har,S.A and Saleh W.A.The stay Demographic and clinical profiles of female patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Iraq. Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 2019 ;5(1):14-19.
5. Lacroix, Marc. "Significance, detection and markers of disseminated breast cancer cells." Endocrine-related cancer 13.4 (2006): 1033-1067.
6. Eltayeb, Toga Farag. Detection of breast cancer using artificial neural networks (ANN). Diss. Sudan University of Science and Technology, 2014.
7. Shyyan, R., Masood, S., Badwe, R. A., Errico, K. M., Liberman, L., Ozmen, V.& Global Summit Diagnosis and Pathology Panel. Breast cancer in limited‐resource countries: diagnosis and pathology. The breast journal, 2006; 12, S27-S37.
8. Maric, P.; Ozretic, P.; Levanat, S. et al. Tumor markers in breast cancer-evaluation of their clinical usefulness. Coll Antropol. 2011;35(1):241-7.
9. Werner, M.; Faser, G. and Silverbery. Clinical utility and validation of emerging biochemical marker for mammary adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Chem. 1993;39(11):2386-96.
10. Tondini, C.; Hayes, D.F. and Gelman, R. Use of various epithelial tumor marker and stromal marker in assessment of cervical carcinoma obstet. J. Gynecol. 1991; 77:566.
11. Kumar, Anil, Adeleh Taghi Khani, and Srividya Swaminathan. "Type I interferons: One stone to concurrently kill two birds, viral infections and cancers." Current Research in Virological Science 2 (2021): 100014.
12. Vernal, Rolando, and Jose A. Garcia-Sanz. "Th17 and Treg cells, two new lymphocyte subpopulations with a key role in the immune response against infection." Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders) 8.4 (2008): 207-220.
13. Gupta, Krishna Kant, Mohd Aqueel Khan, and Sanjeev Kumar Singh. "Constitutive inflammatory cytokine storm: a major threat to human health." Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research 40.1 (2020): 19-23.
14. Greenlee, H., Shi, Z., Hibshoosh, H., Giri, D. D., Ahmed, A., Williams, S., ... & Iyengar, N. M. (2019). Obesity-associated breast inflammation among Hispanic/Latina breast cancer patients. Cancer Prevention Research, 12(1), 21-30.
15. Meng, Y., Sun, J., Yu, J., Wang, C., & Su, J. (2019). Dietary intakes of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium elements and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Biological trace element research, 189(2), 325-335.
16. Nick, Miller. Blocking Fibronectin Protein Prevents Heart Failure, Restores Function . Biology Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute Health Heart Attack Medicine . 2018. 15.
17. Tsung-Cheng Lin, Cheng-Han Yang, et al. Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cells 2020, 9(1), 27.
18. Zhuxian Zhou, Mohammed Qutaish , et al. MRI detection of breast cancer micrometastases with a fibronectin-targeting contrast agent. August 2015. Nature Communications 6(1):7984. DOI:10.1038/ncomms8984.
19. Mohammed , F. Z. Lamis Gamal , Mohamed Farouk Mosa, Mohamed Ibraheim Aref .Assessment of CA15-3 and CEA as Potential markers for Breast carcinoma prognosis in Egyptian Females. AJBAS Volume 2, Issue 1, 2021.
20. Hamdi .E. T , Alsamarai A.T, Ali . A.A . The relationship between vitamin D with breast Cancer. Medical Science. 24(104).2020.
21. Feng, Z.; Li, J.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.; Huang, Y.; Dai, H. et al. Tumor markers CA15-3, CA125, CEA and breast cancer survival by molecular subtype: a cohort study. Breast Cancer2020; 1-10.
22. Braihan Hamdi Hameed 1*, Izzat Abdulsatar Al-Rayahi1, Salwa S. Muhsin2 166- Evaluation of Preoperative CA15-3 Level and its Relationship with Clinico-Pathological Characteristics in Primary Breast Cancer Patients Journal of Techniques, ISSN: 2708-8383, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 30, 2022, Pages 21-26.
23. Huda Hameed Othman(MBChB) 1 , Walaa Najm Abood (PhD) 2 and Nazar Abdul Hassan Alwakeel (FICM) The level of serum Tumor Marker CA15-3 in women with Breast Cancer. Diyala Journal of Medicine. 2018; 15 1 .
24. Panis, C., et al. "Differential oxidative status and immune characterization of the early and advanced stages of human breast cancer." Breast cancer research and treatment 133.3 (2012): 881-888.
25. Allin, Kristine H., et al. "Elevated pre-treatment levels of plasma C-reactive protein are associated with poor prognosis after breast cancer: a cohort study." Breast Cancer Research 13.3 (2011): 1-13.
26. Celik, Betul, et al. "CXCL8, IL-1β and sCD200 are pro-inflammatory cytokines and their levels increase in the circulation of breast carcinoma patients." Biomedical reports 5.2 (2016): 259-263.
27. Asegaonkar, Shilpa Balaji, et al. "C-reactive protein and breast cancer: new insights from old molecule." International journal of breast cancer 2015 (2015).
28. Guo, Lanwei, et al. "C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Scientific reports 5.1 (2015): 1-8.
29. Lithgow, D., & Covington, C. (2005). Chronic inflammation and breast pathology: a theoretical model. Biological research for nursing, 7(2), 118-129.
30. Abdelgawad, I. A., El-Mously, R. H., Saber, M. M., Mansour, O. A., & Shouman, S. A. (2015). Significance of serum levels of vitamin D and some related minerals in breast cancer patients. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 8(4), 4074.
31. Feng, J. F., Lu, L., Zeng, P., Yang, Y. H., Luo, J., Yang, Y. W., & Wang, D. (2012). Serum total oxidant/antioxidant status and trace element levels in breast cancer patients. International journal of clinical oncology, 17(6), 575-583.
32. Karki, K., Pande, D., Negi, R., Khanna, S., Khanna, R. S., & Khanna, H. D. (2015). Association between biomarkers of oxidative stress, trace elements, and cell proliferation index in patients with benign and malignant breast diseases. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 34(1).
33. Al-Hassan AA, Muhymen NA, Ghany AA. Possible Role of IL- 1-a and TNF-a in Breast Cancer. Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2000:11.
34. Alkhafaf DM, AlOmari RS, Alkhozai ZM. Evaluation of T- helper 22 and T-helper17 in patients with breast cancer. breast cancer. 2016: 4:10:11.
35. Al-dulaimy NH, Hassan AJ, Al-Araji SM. Estimation of interferon-a (IFN-a) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in female rats immunized by human breast cancer cell line T47D. Journal of University of Babylon. 2016;24(9),
36. Yu M, Zhou X, Niu L, Lin G, Huang J, Zhou W, Gan H, Wang J, Jiang X, Yin B, Li Z. Targeting transmembrane TNF-a suppresses breast cancer growth. Cancer research. 2016: 1;73(13):4061-74.
37. Balkwill F. Tumour necrosis factor and cancer. Nature reviews cancer.2009:9(5):361-71.
38. Gilmore TD. Introduction to NF-x B: players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene. 2006;25(51):6680-4.
39. Libring s, Aparna Shinde, Monica K. Chanda et al. The Dynamic Relationship of Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts in Fibronectin Accumulation at Primary and Metastatic Tumor Sites. Cancers 2020, 12(5), 1270; Accepted: 15 May 2020 / Published: 17 May 2020.
40. Zhuoran Gong, Min Chen et al. Fibronectin-targeted dual-acting micelles for combination therapy of metastatic breast cancer. Published: 07 February 2020. volume 5, Article number: 12 (2020) .
41. Aparna Shinde, Sarah Libring, Aktan Alpsoy. Autocrine Fibronectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis. DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0151 Published October 2018.
42. Skorstengaard , K .; Jensen , M . S .; Sahi , P .; Petersen , T . E .. Fibronectin . Eur . J Biochem . 1986 ; 161 : 441 – 453 .
43. Nick, Miller. Blocking Fibronectin Protein Prevents Heart Failure, Restores Function . Biology Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute Health Heart Attack Medicine . 2018. 15.
44. Hussein, Abeer Mohammed, Alia H, A, Haider L,M. Study of Certain Biomarkers and Immunohistochemical Parameters in Iraqi Breast Cancer Women, Degree of Doctor, University of Baghdad,College of Science for Women.2020.87.321.
45. Thwani, A. N. A., & Mohsin, S. M. Serum level of interleukin-6 in Breast cancer Iraqi women. Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics,2012. 5(1).
46. Ranjan, S., & Sinha, A. Breast cancer: role of proinflammatory cytokines in the clinical presentation. Medical Journal.2014. 21.564.780.
Published
2024-08-05
How to Cite
Ali Moaid Raheem Fadil Abokhila, & Dr.Seyyed Meisam Abtahi. (2024). Evaluation Of The Level Of Cancer Antigen CA15-3 And CRP Along With Some Immunological And Physiological Variables In Patients With Breast Cancer In Al-Muthanna Governorate. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1), 2946 - 2952. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i1.1439
Issue
Section
Articles