Comparative Study of Hbc and Hbs Markers in Hepatitis B Patients: The Impact of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) on Disease Progression in Thi-Qar Governorate
Keywords:
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hbc Antigen, Hbs Antigen, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Liver Inflammation, Disease Progression, Chronic Hepatitis B, Thi-Qar Governorate, Cytokine Response, Liver Fibrosis
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health issue, leading to chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study compares the viral markers hepatitis B core antigen (Hbc) and hepatitis B surface antigen (Hbs) with the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HBV-infected patients. Conducted in Thi-Qar Governorate, the study involved 100 patients, analyzing the relationship between TNF-α levels and disease progression. The findings suggest that elevated Hbc and Hbs levels are associated with higher TNF-α concentrations, indicating a critical role for TNF-α in liver inflammation and disease severity.
References
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12. Li, X., Li, Y., & Liang, Z. (2020). IL-6 as a prognostic marker in patients with HBV-related liver diseases. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(5), 832-842. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz324
13. Zhao, J., Sun, Y., & Yang, X. (2019). The role of cytokines in chronic hepatitis B and their association with liver fibrosis. Journal of Immunology, 202(6), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1901132
14. Thompson, A. J., & Locarnini, S. A. (2021). Molecular virology and immune responses in HBV infections. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18(2), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00406-5
15. Guan, M. J., Lu, Z., & Wang, P. P. (2022). Hepatitis B virus, cytokines, and liver fibrosis: A critical review. Liver Pathology, 49(3), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpath.2022.07.005
16. Thompson, J. D., & Williams, B. M. (2019). Targeting TNF-alpha in chronic hepatitis B management: A therapeutic perspective. Liver Research,16(2),102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livres.2019.04.007
17. Zhuang, Y., Jin, F., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Cytokines as biomarkers for inflammation and liver fibrosis in chronic HBV infection. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 8(2), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2020.00038
18. Erhardt, A., & Gerken, G. (2020). The role of TNF-alpha in HBV-associated liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Hepatology,64(6),254-267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hep.2020.05.006
19. Lan, Y., Zhang, W., & Li, P. (2021). Inflammatory cytokines and their association with HBV viral loads in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of Clinical Virology, 134(8), 104672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104672
20. Khan, A., & Abbas, S. (2018). TNF-alpha and the immune response in chronic hepatitis B infection: A review. Journal of Immunology Research,2018(1), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2342346
2. Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., & Kishimoto, T. (2014). IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 6(10), a016295. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016295
3. Wang, L., Zhang, S., & Yu, Z. (2020). The role of IL-6 in chronic hepatitis B infection: A review. Journal of Hepatology Research, 58(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hepres.2020.02.012
4. Yu, H., Yang, S., & Zhao, Y. (2021). IL-6 and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic HBV patients. Liver International, 44(3), 245-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/liv.2021.1044
5. Friedman, S. L., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., & Rinella, M. (2018). Mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis and emerging therapies in HBV-related liver disease. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 17(8), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2018.73
6. Zhuang, Y., Jin, F., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Cytokines as biomarkers for inflammation and liver fibrosis in chronic HBV infection. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 8(2), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2020.00038
7. Erhardt, A., & Gerken, G. (2021). Chronic hepatitis B and C infections: Interaction between cytokines and viral markers. Hepatology Clinics, 20(4), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hepclin.2021.05.003
8. Lan, Y., Huang, J., & Li, W. (2021). Role of interleukins in modulating immune responses to hepatitis B virus. Immunotherapy, 13(6), 525-534. https://doi.org/10.2217/imt-2021-0057
9. Kang, W., Xu, F., & Gu, Y. (2020). Role of IL-6 in hepatic stellate cells activation and HBV-related liver fibrosis. Journal of Immunology Research, 2020(1), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7585047
10. Chen, G. F., Xia, Z. L., & Shao, J. J. (2020). Immune response and liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepatology International, 14(3), 240-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-020-10019-9
11. Park, S. H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, D. H. (2018). The interplay between HBV antigens and cytokines in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B. Immunological Reviews, 285(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.2018.285
12. Li, X., Li, Y., & Liang, Z. (2020). IL-6 as a prognostic marker in patients with HBV-related liver diseases. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(5), 832-842. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz324
13. Zhao, J., Sun, Y., & Yang, X. (2019). The role of cytokines in chronic hepatitis B and their association with liver fibrosis. Journal of Immunology, 202(6), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1901132
14. Thompson, A. J., & Locarnini, S. A. (2021). Molecular virology and immune responses in HBV infections. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18(2), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00406-5
15. Guan, M. J., Lu, Z., & Wang, P. P. (2022). Hepatitis B virus, cytokines, and liver fibrosis: A critical review. Liver Pathology, 49(3), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpath.2022.07.005
16. Thompson, J. D., & Williams, B. M. (2019). Targeting TNF-alpha in chronic hepatitis B management: A therapeutic perspective. Liver Research,16(2),102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livres.2019.04.007
17. Zhuang, Y., Jin, F., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Cytokines as biomarkers for inflammation and liver fibrosis in chronic HBV infection. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 8(2), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2020.00038
18. Erhardt, A., & Gerken, G. (2020). The role of TNF-alpha in HBV-associated liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Hepatology,64(6),254-267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hep.2020.05.006
19. Lan, Y., Zhang, W., & Li, P. (2021). Inflammatory cytokines and their association with HBV viral loads in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of Clinical Virology, 134(8), 104672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104672
20. Khan, A., & Abbas, S. (2018). TNF-alpha and the immune response in chronic hepatitis B infection: A review. Journal of Immunology Research,2018(1), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2342346
Published
2024-09-30
How to Cite
Ghassan Haikel Abedallah Almosa, & Meysam abtahi. (2024). Comparative Study of Hbc and Hbs Markers in Hepatitis B Patients: The Impact of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) on Disease Progression in Thi-Qar Governorate. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1), 2003-2005. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i1.1067
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