A Comprehensive Review On Hypertension
Abstract
Hypertension is an international public health concern, which plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and renal failure. Due to its asymptomatic nature, it is frequently referred to as a "silent killer" and affects millions of people globally. Pharmacological therapies, such as the use of different antihypertensive medications, together with lifestyle change are essential for effective management. The epidemiology of hypertension, use of medications, and the complications of untreated or insufficiently controlled hypertension are all examined in this review. The effectiveness and side effects of many kinds of antihypertensive medications are also covered.
References
[2] T. . D. Giles, B. C. Berk, J. L. Izzo and M. A. Weber, "Expanding the Definition and Classification of Hypertension," The Journal Of Clinical Hypertension, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 505-512, 2005.
[3] D. T. Lackland and M. A. Weber, "Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke:Hypertension at the Core," Cnadian journal of cardiology.
[4] J. Nachiya, P. and R. Rao, "Study on drug utilisation pattern of antihypertensive medications on out-patients and in-patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A cross sectional Study," African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 383-396, 2015.
[5] S. Singh, R. Shankar and G. P. Singh, "Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension:A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi," International Journal of Hypertension, 2017.
[6] P. H. C. Project, Hypertension, Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment, Primary health care service Delivery guidelines Iraq , 2013.
[7] O. Carretero and S. Oparil, "Essential Hypertension," Circulation, vol. 101, pp. 329-335, 2000.
[8] P. Sharma, H. Beria, P. K. Gupta, S. Manokaran and A. Reddy, "Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 2161-2167, 2019.
[9] J. Lee, "Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension," Journal of Molecular Pathophysiology, vol. 11, no. 9, 2022.
[10] F. Khurshid, M. Aqil, M. S. Alam, P. Kapur and K. K. Pillai, "ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION PRESCRIBING PATTERNS IN A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH DELHI," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 2057-2063 , 2012.
[11] J. Kumar, "Epidemiology of Hypertension," Clinical queries:Nephrology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 56-61, 2013.
[12] Hypertension Screening, diagnosis, Assessment, and management of Primary Hypertension in Adults in India, Ministry of Health and Family welfare Government of india, 2017.
[13] I. C. Pinto and D. Martins, "Prevalence and risk factors of arterial hypertension: A literature review," J Cardiovasc Med Ther, vol. 1, no. 2, 2017.
[14] P. Foex and J. W. Sear, "Hypertension: pathophysiology and treatment," Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain, vol. 4, no. 3, 2004.
[15] G. Beevers, . G. Lip and . E. O. , " The Pathophysiology of hypertension," ABC of Hypertension, vol. 322, pp. 912-916, 2001.
[16] S. Oparil, M. Acelajado, G. Bakris, D. Berlowitz, G. Grassi and A. Rodgers, "Hypertension," Nat Rev Dis Primers, vol. 4, 2018.
[17] T. Saxena, A. Ali and M. Saxena, "Pathophysiology of essential hypertension: an Update," Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 879-887, 2018.
[18] Whelton, "Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults," High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline.
[19] U. Ojha, . S. Ruddaraju, . N. Sabapathy, V. Ravindran, P. Worapongsatitaya, J. Haq and R. Mohammed, "Current and Emerging Classes of Pharmacological Agents for the management of hypertension," American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, vol. 22, pp. 271-285, 2022.
[20] J. Jordan, . C. Kurschat and H. Reuter, "Arterial Hypertension," Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, vol. 115, pp. 557-58, 2018.
[21] B. Heidari, E. Avenatti and K. Nasir, "Pharmacotherapy for Essential Hypertension: A review," Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc Journal, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 5-16, 2022.