A Comprehensive Review of Energy-Efficient Circuit Design Techniques for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding at a rapid pace, which has increased demand for devices that can function under strict power and energy limits. To satisfy the demands of long-term operation, energy-efficient circuit design has emerged as a crucial field of study, particularly for battery-powered and energy-harvesting Internet of Things devices. This study provides an extensive overview of the most recent developments in energy-efficient circuit design methods for Internet of Things devices. It examines several low-power design techniques, such as energy harvesting technologies, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), sub-threshold logic, and sleep mode techniques. The study also investigates how ultra-low-power processors, communication modules, and sensors might improve the overall energy efficiency of Internet of Things systems. Key challenges such as maintaining performance under limited energy budgets, minimizing leakage power, and optimizing trade-offs between power, performance, and area are discussed. The review also highlights recent trends and future research directions aimed at further reducing energy consumption while ensuring reliable and scalable IoT deployments.
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