Green Synthesis, Characterization And Antioxidant Activity Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Annona Squamosa Leaf Extract
Keywords:
Annona squamosa, Copper oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis, characterization
Abstract
The present study focuses on the green synthesis of Copper Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using the ethanol leaf extract of Annona squamosa as a bioreducing and stabilizing agent. This eco-friendly approach avoids the use of hazardous chemicals commonly employed in conventional synthesis methods. The formation of CuO nanoparticles was initially confirmed by the appearance of a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak in the UV–Visible spectrum around 270–280 nm. Further structural and morphological characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of monoclinic CuO nanoparticles with crystalline nature and nanoscale dimensions. The green synthesis method demonstrates a simple, cost-effective, and sustainable route for producing CuO nanoparticles with potential applications. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 25.81 nm, while scanning electron microscopy revealed particle sizes ranging from 20 to 80 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 21.117 μg/mL, indicating strong free radical scavenging potential. It was found that Annona squamosa plant leaves are a suitable alternative for the easy and green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles. According to the results of this investigation, green synthesized CuO NPs with Annona squamosa leaf extract may be used in biomedicine as a replacement agent for biological applications.
References
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2. Basavaraja, S., Balaji, S. D., Lagashetty, A., Rajasab, A. H., & Venkataraman, A. (2008). Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium semitectum. Materials Research Bulletin, 43(5), 1164–1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.06.020
3. Liu, X., Lee, P. Y., Ho, C. M., Lui, V. C. H., Chen, Y., & Che, C. M. (2010). Silver nanoparticles mediate differential responses in keratinocytes and fibroblasts during skin wound healing. ChemMedChem, 5(3), 468–475. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.200900502
4. Shin, K. S., Choi, J. Y., Park, C. S., Jang, H. J., & Kim, K. (2009). Facile synthesis and catalytic application of silver-deposited magnetic nanoparticles. Catalysis Letters, 133, 1–7
5. Zhou, W., Ma, Y., Yang, H., Ding, Y., & Luo, X. (2011). A label-free biosensor based on silver nanoparticles array for clinical detection of serum p53 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 6, 381–386.
6. Tuutijarvi, T., Lu, J., Sillanpää, M., & Chen, G. (2009). As(V) adsorption on maghemite nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166(2–3), 1415–1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.069
7. Nalwa, H. S. (2000), “Handbook of nanostructured materials and nanotechnology,” Journal of Macromolecular Science-Physics, Applied Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 5, p. 3461.
8. Zhou, K., Wang, R., Xu, B., & Li, Y. (2006). Nanotechnology, 17, 3939–3943. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/055.
9. Benelli, G., & Lukehart, C. M. (2017). Special issue: applications of green-synthesized nanoparticles in pharmacology, parasitology and entomology. Journal of Cluster Science, 28(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-017-1165-5.
10. Ren, G., Hu, D., Cheng, E. W. C., Vargas-Reus, M. A., Reip, P., & Allaker, R. P. (2009). Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 33(6), 587–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.12.004
11. Ahamed, M., Alhadlaq, H. A., Khan, M. A. M., Karuppiah, P., & Al-Dhabi, N. A. (2014). Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2014, Article ID 637858, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/637858
12. Rajeshkumar, S., & Bharath, L. V. (2017).
Mechanism of plant-mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles - A review on green synthesis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 173, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.004
13. Sankar, R., Manikandan, P., Malarvizhi, V., Fathima, T., Shivashangari, K. S., & Ravikumar, V. (2014). Green synthesis of colloidal copper oxide nanoparticles using Carica papaya and its application in photocatalytic dye degradation. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 121, 746– 750
14. Mulvaney, P. (1996). Surface plasmon spectroscopy of nanosized metal particles. Langmuir, 12, 788–800, https://doi.org/10.1021/la950271e
15. Vaseem M, Umar A, Kim SH, Hahn YB. (2008). Low-temperature synthesis of flower-shaped CuO nanostructures by solution process: formation mechanism and structural properties. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces ;112(15):5729–5735.
16. Anandalakshmi, K., Venugobal, J., & Ramasamy, V. (2016). Characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by a simple chemical method. Journal of Nanoscience, 2016, 1–6.
17. Sathishkumar, M., Sneha, K., Won, S. W., Cho, C. W., Kim, S., & Yun, Y. S. (2009). Cinnamon zeylanicum bark extract and powder mediated green synthesis of nano-crystalline silver particles. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 73, 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.06.005
18. Philip, D. (2010). Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 42, 1417–1424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2009.11.081
19. Zhang, X., Zhou, M., & Lei, L. (2006). Preparation of anatase TiO₂ supported on alumina and silica and their photocatalytic activity. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 67, 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.04.007
20. Ramesh, M., Anbuvannan, M., & Viruthagiri, G. (2020). Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of CuO nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 179, 201–207.
21. Raja, S., Ramesh, V., & Thivaharan, V. (2020). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using plant extract and their antibacterial activity. Materials Letters, 236, 19–23.
22. Nithya, K, Yuvasree, P, Neelakandeswari, N, Rajasekaran, N, Uthayarani, K, Chitra, M & Sathiesh Kumar, S (2014). Preparation and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles‟, International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol.6, no.3, pp.2220-2222.
23. Ghidana, A. Y., Al-Antary, T. M., & Awwad, A. M. (2016). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Punica granatum peels extract: Effect on green peach aphid. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 6, 95–98.
24. Ramesh, M., Anbuvannan, M., & Viruthagiri, G. (2021). Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Aloe vera leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 4556–4560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.502
25. Moukette M. B., Dongmo F. M., Tchinda A. T., Sokeng S. D. N., (2015). In vitro antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging activities of extracts and polyphenol composition of Monodora myristica, a non-timber forest product used as spice. Biological Research, 48(15).
26. Sultana, B., Anwar, F., & Ashraf, M. (2011). Antioxidant activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in some medicinal plants of India. Journal of Food Chemistry, 129(4), 1015-1022.
Published
2025-12-18
How to Cite
N. Megilda, & Dr. S.P.R. Kalaikathir. (2025). Green Synthesis, Characterization And Antioxidant Activity Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Annona Squamosa Leaf Extract. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(2), 2823 - 2828. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i2.2469
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Articles
