Intervenciones con probióticos y simbióticos en perros con disbiosis intestinal o enteropatías asociadas: una revisión
Keywords:
intestinal dysbiosis, dogs, probiotics, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal diseases.
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis in dogs is associated with chronic enteropathies, acute diarrhea, inflammatory disorders, and systemic diseases, which has increased interest in interventions aimed at modulating the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this review was to analyze the available evidence on the use of probiotic interventions, administered alone or in combination with prebiotics (synbiotics), in dogs with dysbiosis or clinical conditions associated with intestinal dysbiosis. A literature search was conducted in scientific databases using a PICO approach, selecting clinical and experimental studies in dogs that evaluated clinical, microbiological, immunological, or intestinal barrier outcomes. The included studies show high heterogeneity in terms of clinical condition (e.g., chronic enteropathy, IBD/CIE, acute diarrhea, hepatobiliary or renal disease), strains used, dosage, duration of treatment, and outcome variables. Overall, the evidence suggests that probiotic interventions may promote the modulation of the gut microbiota, improve some inflammatory and immunological biomarkers, and, in certain contexts, be associated with clinical improvement. However, the results are variable and depend on the type of pathology, the formulation used, and the study design. It is concluded that probiotic-based interventions, especially in combination formulations, represent a promising strategy for modulating canine intestinal dysbiosis; however, studies with larger sample sizes, standardized outcomes, and better microbiological characterization are needed to strengthen the evidence and guide their clinical application.
References
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18. Pilla, R., Guard, B. C., Steiner, J. M., Gaschen, F. P., Olson, E., y Werling, D. (2019). Administration of a synbiotic containing enterococcus faecium does not significantly alter fecal microbiota richness or diversity in dogs with and without food-responsive chronic enteropathy. Frontiers in Veterinary. Science, 6(AUG), 277. DOI: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00277/full
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23. Sahoo, D. K., Stewart, T., Lindgreen, E. M., Patel, B., Patel, A., Trivedi, J. N., Parker, V., Rudinsky, A. J., Winston, J. A., y Jergens, A. E. (2025). Restorative Effects of Synbiotics on Colonic Ultrastructure and Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy. Antioxidants, 14(6), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060727
24. Sivamaruthi, B. S., Kesika, P., y Chaiyasut, C. (2021). Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Health Status of the Dogs: A Review. Applied Sciences, 11(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311384
25. Shmalberg, J., Montalbano, C., Morelli, G., y Buckley, G. J. (2019). A randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of a probiotic or metronidazole for acute canine diarrhea. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6(JUN), 163. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00163/full
26. Suchodolski, J. S. (2021). Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 50 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13031
27. Schmitz, S., Glanemann, B., Jardín, O. A., Brooks, H., Chang, Y. M., Werling, D., y Allenspach, K. (2015). A prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study on the effect of Enterococcus faecium on clinical activity and intestinal gene expression in canine food-responsive chronic enteropathy. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(2), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12563
28. Torres, J. (2024). Efecto de sarolaner en el microbioma intestinal de perros de la Ciudad de México [Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa] Repositorio Institucional UAS. https://cca.uas.edu.mx/images/posgrado/Tesis/COHORTE%202022-2024/TESIS%20MCA-TORRES%20CRUZ.pdf
29. Xia, J., Cui, Y., Guo, Y., Liu, Y., Deng, B., y Han, S. (2024). The Function of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Canine Intestinal Health and Their Evaluation Criteria. Microorganisms, 12(6), Article 6. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/6/1248
30. White, R., Atherly, T., Guard, B., Rossi, G., Wang, C., Mosher, C., Webb, C., Hill, S., Ackermann, M., Sciabarra, P., Allenspach, K., Suchodolski, J., y Jergens, A. E. (2017). Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on mucosal microbiota in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes, 8(5), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1334754
31. Ziese, A. L., y Suchodolski, J. S. (2021). Impact of changes in gastrointestinal microbiota in canine and feline digestive diseases. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 51(1), 155–169. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33131916/
2. Breczko, W. J., Bubak, J., y Miszczak, M. (2024). The Importance of Intestinal Microbiota and Dysbiosis in the Context of the Development of Intestinal Lymphoma in Dogs and Cats. Cancers, 16(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16122255
3. Carías A., Salazar, D., Stefanolo, J., Cruz, M. C., Casas, I. C., y Zuluaga, J. R. (2024). Intestinal Dysbiosis: Exploring Definition, Associated Symptoms, and Perspectives for a Comprehensive Understanding - a Scoping Review. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10353-w
4. Doshier, J., Anderson, B., Yang, F., Stewart, S. D., Calapa, K. A., Cooper, R., Wilson‑Robles, H., Embree, M., y Khanna, C. (2025). Pilot study evaluating tolerability and changes in fecal microbiota associated with novel probiotic administration to dogs with diarrhea. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12, 1720932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1720932
5. Fernández, L., Martínez, R., P´erez, M., Arroyo, R., y Rodríguez, J. M. (2019). Characterization of lactobacillus rhamnosus MP01 and lactobacillus plantarum MP02 and assessment of their potential for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections in an experimental canine model. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10(MAY), 1117. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01117/full
6. Gul, J., y Durante-Mangoni, E. (2024). Unraveling the Puzzle: Health Benefits of Probiotics—A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13 (5), 1436. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1436
7. Habermaass, V., Biolatti, C., Bartoli, F., Gori, E., Bruni, N., Olivero, D., y Marchetti, V. (2024). Effects of synbiotic administration on intestinal microbiome and fecal bile acids in dogs with chronic hepatobiliary disease: A randomized case–control study. Veterinary Sciences, 11(8), 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11080364
8. Jergens, A. E., y Heilmann, R. M. (2022). Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 923013. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.923013
9. Jugan, M. C., Wouda, R. M., y Higginbotham, M. L. (2021). Preliminary evaluation of probiotic effects on gastrointestinal signs in dogs with multicentric lymphoma undergoing multi‑agent chemotherapy: A randomised, placebo‑controlled study. Veterinary Record Open, 8(1), e2. https://doi.org/10.1002/vro2.2
10. Kim, S., Chung, H., Soo-Yeon, P., Lee, J., y Han, J. (2025). Beneficial effects of probiotics on dysbiosis of gut microbiota induced by antibiotic treatment in healthy dogs. Research in Veterinary Science, 191. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4995070
11. Lee, D., Goh, T. W., Kang, M. G., Choi, H. J., Yeo, S. Y., Yang, J., Huh, C. S., Kim, Y. Y., y Kim, Y. (2022). Perspectives and advances in probiotics and the gut microbiome in companion animals. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 64(2), 197-217. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2022.e8
12. Levy, M., Kolodziejczyk, A. A., Thaiss, C. A., y Elinav, E. (2017). Dysbiosis and the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, 17(4), 219-232.https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2017.7
13. Ma, T., Shen, X., Shi, X., Sakandar, H. A., Quan, K., Li, Y., Jin, H., Kwok, L.-Y., Zhang, H., y Sun, Z. (2023). Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism as the major probiotic mechanism—An evidence-based review. Trends in Food Science y Technology, 138, 178-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.06.013
14. Marsilio, S., Pilla, R., Sarawichitr, B., Chow, B., Hill, S. L., Ackermann, M. R., y Suchodolski, J. S. (2019). Characterization of the fecal microbiome in cats with inflammatory bowel disease or alimentary small cell lymphoma. Scientific reports, 9(1), 19208.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844119/
15. Molina, R. A., D’Urso Villar, M., Miranda, M. H., Maldonado, N. C., Vignolo, G. M., y Nader Macías, M. E. F. (2023). A multi‑strain probiotic promoted recovery of puppies from gastroenteritis in a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 64(7), 666–673. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37397694/
16. Nixon, S. L., Rose, L., y Muller, A. T. (2019). Efficacy of an orally administered antidiarrheal probiotic paste (Pro-Kolin Advanced) in dogs with acute diarrhea: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33(3), 1286–1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/JVIM.15481
17. Perondi, F., Lippi, I., Bruni, N., Lonigro, N., y Martello, E. (2025). Effect of a feed supplement containing probiotics on fecal score and clinical parameters in dogs with chronic kidney disease and intestinal disorders: A pilot study. Open Veterinary Journal, 15(1), 307–313. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11910283/
18. Pilla, R., Guard, B. C., Steiner, J. M., Gaschen, F. P., Olson, E., y Werling, D. (2019). Administration of a synbiotic containing enterococcus faecium does not significantly alter fecal microbiota richness or diversity in dogs with and without food-responsive chronic enteropathy. Frontiers in Veterinary. Science, 6(AUG), 277. DOI: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00277/full
19. Rossi, G., Pengo, G., Caldin, M., Piccionello, A. P., Steiner, J. M., Chen, N. D., Jergens, A. E., y Suchodolski, J. S. (2014). Comparison of microbiological, histological, and immunomodulatory parameters in response to treatment with either combination therapy or probiotic VSL#3 in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e94699.https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3983225/
20. Rossi, G., Cerquetella, M., Gavazza, A., Galosi, L., Berardi, S., Mangiaterra, S., Mari, S., Suchodolski, J. S., Lidbury, J. A., Steiner, J. M., y Pengo, G. (2020). Rapid resolution of large bowel diarrhea after the administration of a combination of a high-fiber diet and a probiotic mixture in 30 dogs. Veterinary Sciences, 7(1), 21. https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/1/21
21. Saettone, V., Biasato, I., Radice, E., Schiavone, A., Bergero, D., y Meineri, G. (2020). State-of-the-Art of the Nutritional Alternatives to the Use of Antibiotics in Humans and Monogastric Animals. Animals, 10(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122199
22. Sahoo, D. K., Allenspach, K., Mochel, J. P., Parker, V., Rudinsky, A. J., Winston, J. A., Bourgois‑Mochel, A., Ackermann, M., Heilmann, R. M., y Jergens, A. E. (2023). Synbiotic‑IgY therapy modulates the mucosal microbiome and inflammatory indices in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study. Veterinary Sciences, 10(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10010025
23. Sahoo, D. K., Stewart, T., Lindgreen, E. M., Patel, B., Patel, A., Trivedi, J. N., Parker, V., Rudinsky, A. J., Winston, J. A., y Jergens, A. E. (2025). Restorative Effects of Synbiotics on Colonic Ultrastructure and Oxidative Stress in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy. Antioxidants, 14(6), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060727
24. Sivamaruthi, B. S., Kesika, P., y Chaiyasut, C. (2021). Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Health Status of the Dogs: A Review. Applied Sciences, 11(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311384
25. Shmalberg, J., Montalbano, C., Morelli, G., y Buckley, G. J. (2019). A randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of a probiotic or metronidazole for acute canine diarrhea. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6(JUN), 163. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00163/full
26. Suchodolski, J. S. (2021). Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 50 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13031
27. Schmitz, S., Glanemann, B., Jardín, O. A., Brooks, H., Chang, Y. M., Werling, D., y Allenspach, K. (2015). A prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study on the effect of Enterococcus faecium on clinical activity and intestinal gene expression in canine food-responsive chronic enteropathy. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(2), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12563
28. Torres, J. (2024). Efecto de sarolaner en el microbioma intestinal de perros de la Ciudad de México [Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa] Repositorio Institucional UAS. https://cca.uas.edu.mx/images/posgrado/Tesis/COHORTE%202022-2024/TESIS%20MCA-TORRES%20CRUZ.pdf
29. Xia, J., Cui, Y., Guo, Y., Liu, Y., Deng, B., y Han, S. (2024). The Function of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Canine Intestinal Health and Their Evaluation Criteria. Microorganisms, 12(6), Article 6. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/6/1248
30. White, R., Atherly, T., Guard, B., Rossi, G., Wang, C., Mosher, C., Webb, C., Hill, S., Ackermann, M., Sciabarra, P., Allenspach, K., Suchodolski, J., y Jergens, A. E. (2017). Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on mucosal microbiota in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes, 8(5), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1334754
31. Ziese, A. L., y Suchodolski, J. S. (2021). Impact of changes in gastrointestinal microbiota in canine and feline digestive diseases. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 51(1), 155–169. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33131916/
Published
2026-04-09
How to Cite
Francisco José Montesdeoca Villavicencio, Jasson Luis Góngora Cedeño, Eduardo Alejandro Moncayo Palacio, & Adrián Israel Vergara Moncayo. (2026). Intervenciones con probióticos y simbióticos en perros con disbiosis intestinal o enteropatías asociadas: una revisión. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 27(1), 04-18. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v27i1.2392
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