How Yoga And Calisthenics Can Boost Good Cholesterol In People With Borderline Type 2 Diabetes: A Study
Keywords:
Yoga, calisthenics, HDL cholesterol, HDL levels, HDL functioning, type2 diabetes, moderate intensity.
Abstract
Diabetes has come to be a main fitness challenge international. In India the prevalence of diabetes is growing unexpectedly in particular inside the city population due to increasing weight problems and reduced bodily activity. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the effects of yoga and calisthenics on good (HDL) cholesterol among people with borderline (prediabetes) type2 diabetes. Thirty male persons with borderline type 2 diabetic patients (n = 30) were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 45 to 60 years (mean age: 54 ± 4.62 years). The subjects divided into three equal groups of ten subjects each (n = 10). In which, group I underwent yogic exercises (YEG), group II underwent calisthenics exercise (CEG) with moderate intensity for six days per week for twelve weeks and group III acted as control (CG) who did not undergo any special training programme apart from their daily life. HDL cholesterol was selected as a test variable and assessed before and after the training period. The HDL cholesterol was assessed by using Boehringer Mannheim (BM) cholesterol oxidase enzymatic method. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe’s test was applied as post hoc test to determine the paired mean difference. From the results of the study, it was found that there was a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in HDL cholesterol level due to yoga intervention and calisthenics when compared to control group. However there was an insignificant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in between the training groups on good cholesterol (HCL – C).
References
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36. Xiaofang T. (2010). Effect of mass aerobics exercise on hemoglobin A1c and T cells in patients with type II diabetes. Science and Technology Wind, 24, 202–203.
2. American Diabetes Association (2019). 8. Obesity management for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care 42, (1), S81–S89.
3. Asaithambi, K., A. G Venkatesan., &, George Abraham. (2012). Influence of resistance training and plyometric training on explosive power among university student, International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Yogic Sciences, 1 (4), 49-51.
4. Ashokan, K., &, G Abraham. (2015). Influence of different intensity aerobic dance on bmi among young boys, International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research Academy, 5 (10), 591-598.
5. Baena-Díez, J. M., Peñafiel, J., Subirana, I., Ramos, R., Elosua, R., & Marín-Ibáñez A. (2016). Risk of cause-specific death in individuals with diabetes: a competing risks analysis. Diabetes Care, 39, 1987–1995.
6. Beata Franczyk., Anna Gluba-Brzózka., Aleksandra Ciałkowska-Rysz., Janusz Ławiński., & Jacek Rysz. (2023). The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on HDL Quantity and Quality: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci, 28, 24(5), 4653.
7. Bijlani, R. L., Vempat,i R. P., Yadav, R. K., Ray, R. B., Gupta, V., & Sharma R. (2010). A brief Lifestyle Education Programme Based on Yoga Reduces Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. J Altern Complement Med, 11 (2): 267.
8. Bijlani, R. L., Vempati, R. P., Yadav, R. K., Ray, R. B., Gupta, V., Sharm, R., Mehta, N., Mahapatra, S. C, Josephson, B., & Gyllenswärd. C. (2005). A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. J Altern Complement Medicine, 11, pp. 267-274.
9. Daqing W. (2017). Effects of Jinqi Jiangtang capsule and aerobic exercise on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of community medicine, 15(3), 12–14.
10. Eble Ikekpeazu., Neboh Emeka, E., Muduka Ignatius, C., Ufella Emeka, A., Iyida Chikaodili, C., Ejezie Fidelis, E., & Anyanwu Emeka, G. (2009). “Effect of Sedentary Work and Exercise on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Middle-aged Male and Female African Workers”, Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(3), pp.117-120.
11. Gang Wu., & Haili Qu. (2024). The Effect of Calisthenics on Hypoglycemic of Diabetic Patients, Biomed Res Int, 9827683
12. George Abraham. (2014). Impact of moderate velocity resistance training on explosive strength among adolescents, International Journal of Fitness, Health, Physical Education & Iron Games1 (1), 268-270.
13. George Abraham., & Titto Cherian. (2014). Influence of Yoga and Physical Training on HDL-C among Type 2 Diabetic Patients. European academic research, II (5), pp. 5996-6004.
14. Gordon, N. F., Kohl, H. W., & Pollock, M. L. (1995). Cardiovascular safety of maximal strength testing in healthy adults. American Journal of Cardiology, 76, 851–853.
15. https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+calisthenics&sca_esv=9a8c9b675d500d57&rlz=1C1YTUH_enIN981IN982&biw.
16. Innes, K. E., & H. K. Vincent. (2007). “The influence of yoga-based programs on risk profiles in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4 (4), pp. 469–486.
17. Kannel, W. B. (1983). Epidemiologic profile and risks of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 52, 98-123.
18. Kocarnik, B. M., Moore, K. P., Smith, N. L., & Boyko, E. J. (2017). Weight change after initiation of oral hypoglycemic monotherapy for diabetes predicts 5-year mortality: an observational study – Science Direct. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 123, 181–191.
19. Mahajan, A.S., Reddy, K.S., & Sachdeva, U. (1999). Lipid profile of coronary risk subjects following yogic lifestyle intervention. Indian Heart J, 51(1), 37-40.
20. Malhotra, V., Singh, S., Tandon, O. P., & Sharma, S.B. (2005). The beneficial effect of yoga in diabetes. Nepal Med Coll J. 7, pp.145–147.
21. Mercuri, N., Olivera, E. M., Souto, A., & Guidi , M. L. (2003). Yoga practice in people with diabetes. International Journal of Yoga Therapy, 13, pp. 69-73.
22. Mohan, V., Shanthirani, C. S., & Deepa, R. (2001). Intraurban differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in southern India. Diabetic Med, 18, pp. 280–287.
23. Nisha Shantakumari., Shiefa Sequeira., & Rasha El Deeb. (2013). Effects of a yoga intervention on lipid profiles of diabetes patients with dyslipidemia. Indian Heart J, 65 (2),127–131. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2013.02.010.
24. Panackal, M. B., & George Abraham. (2015). Impact of different modes of circuit training on anaerobic power of adolescent boys, International journal of fitness, health, physical education and iron games, 2 (1), 66-70.
25. Ring-Dimitriou, S., Serge, P. Von Duvillard., Bernhard Paulweber., Monika Stadlmann Linda., M, Lemura., Kayla Peak., & Erich Mueller. (2007). “Nine Months Aerobic Fitness Induced Changes on Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins in Untrained Subjects Versus Controls”, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99 (3), pp. 291-299.
26. Ronald, J. Sigal., Glen, P. Kenny., David, H. Wasserman., & Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa. (2004). Physical Activity/Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Care. 27 (10), 2518-2539
27. Ronald, J. Sigal., Glen, P. Kenny., David, H. Wasserman., & Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa. (2004). Physical Activity/Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 27 (10), pp. 2518-2539
28. Scheers Tincke., Renaat Philippaerts., Leen Van Langendonck., William Duquest., Nathalie Duvigneaud., Lynn Matton., Martine Thomis., Katrine Wijindaele., & Johan Lefevre. (2008). “Lipid Profile in Men and Women with Different Levels of Sports Participation and Physical Activity”, Public Health Nutrition., 11(11), pp.1098-106.
29. Schmidt, T., Wijga, A., Von ZurMuhlen, A., Brabant, G., & Wagner, T.O. (1997). Changes in cardiovascular risk factors and hormones during a comprehensive residential three month yoga kriya training and vegetarian nutrition. ActaPhysiolScand 64, 158-62.
30. Singh, S., Malhotra, V., Singh, K. P., Sharma, S. B., Madhu, S. V., & Tandon, O. P. (2001). A preliminary report on the role of yoga asanas on oxidative stress in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Biochemistry, 16, pp. 216-220.
31. Sirtori, C.R., Corsini, A., & Ruscica, M. (2022). The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in 2022. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep, 24, 365–377.
32. Swami Vishnu Devananda. (2000). The Sivananda Companion to Yoga, New York: Fireside Book, Simon and Schuster, p. 10.
33. U.S. Department of health and Human Services. (2004). “Healthy People 2010,” http://www. healthypeople.gov /Document/HTML/ Volume2/22Physical.htm
34. Weidan, X., & Zhichao, Y. (2018). The therapeutic value of anti-resistance exercise combined with biguanides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Electronic Journal of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardiovascular Disease, 6(24), p. 65.
35. Wing, R. R., Hamman, R. F., & Bray, G. A, (2004). The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Achieving weight and activity goals among Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle participants. Obes Res, 12, pp. 1426–1434.
36. Xiaofang T. (2010). Effect of mass aerobics exercise on hemoglobin A1c and T cells in patients with type II diabetes. Science and Technology Wind, 24, 202–203.
Published
2024-04-24
How to Cite
Suma Joseph, Nidhu Neena Varghese, Anjali Scaria, Drishya. S, Tony Thomas Podimattom, Shafeeq V. A, Chinsu Joy, & George Abraham. (2024). How Yoga And Calisthenics Can Boost Good Cholesterol In People With Borderline Type 2 Diabetes: A Study. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1S), 2088-2094. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i1S.2294
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Articles
