UNANI APPROACH IN MYSTERIOUS AND UNFOLDING CHAMKI BUKHAR (ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME) - AN ANALYTICAL PROPOSAL
Abstract
Background: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), locally known as Chamki Bukhar / Litchi fever in Bihar, is a major public health problem in India and various pathogens are claimed responsible for this. Seasonal outbreaks of AES occur regularly in India and lead to substantial mortality. Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a key etiological agent for AES in India, and has attracted countrywide attention, many recent studies suggest that enteroviruses and rhabdoviruses might account for outbreaks of AES.
Need of the study: There is no concrete solution yet despite national and international health Agencies & research institutes are struggling to propose the solution. Since various etiological theories have been put forth but nothing decisively came up. So, to address and investigate this grave health issue through Unani System of Medicine (USM) which offers a rational approach in even emerging and new diseases we have conceptualize this study and hypothesize that, this study will pave a new approach, suggestion & solution which surely will aid in current understanding and management of Chamki Bukhar and may be a milestone for further research development in this regard.
Objectives: To gather and compile Unani literature to address the complaints resembling Chamki Bukhar and to provide possible Unani approach in Chamki Bukhar - prevention, control & management.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire to obtain data of 200 clinically diagnosed patients of AES. Primary data of 91 patients from PMCH, AES Ward (Paediatrics) and secondary data of 109 patients from clinical records and reports provided by the NVBDCP department were obtained. The clinical presentations of the case of Chamki Bukhar were re-confirmed and subjected to comparison with the diseases resembling in Unani literature, so that possible proposal of management and prevention may be advised. The mizaj of the patients were assessed through Ajnase Ashra proforma so that a possible temperamental correlation may be made.
Results & Observations: The results show that Chamki Bukhar/AES is very similar to Sarsam and warme Dimagh- All the characteristics are strikingly similar. Even Limbic encephalitis, a subtype of AES, shares symptoms with Lesarghus, a subtype of Sarsam. Therefore, control measures and management protocols for Chamki Bukhar can easily be employed in the management of Chamki Bukhar based on existing knowledge.
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