Adverse Effects of Unsafe Hijama (Cupping) – A Short Review
Abstract
Hijama (cupping), is a traditional therapeutic technique that involves creating suction on the skin followed by superficial incisions to draw out small amounts of blood. While it is believed to help remove toxins and promote healing when done properly, inappropriate or unregulated practice can pose serious health risks. Although wet cupping may offer therapeutic benefits when performed by trained professionals under hygienic conditions but inappropriate or unskilled practice can have serious negative consequences on health. The impact of abnormal elimination on the body is profound and multifaceted. Therefore, it is crucial that Hijamah is only performed by qualified practitioners following strict safety guidelines and individual patient assessment.
References
2. AL-Shidhani A, Al-Mahrezi A. The Role of Cupping Therapy in Pain Management: A Literature Review. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.2020; 1-18.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93851
3. Melendez Rivera JG, Anjum F. Hypovolemia. [Updated 2023 Apr 27]. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565845/
4. Nasrullah, Iqbal RK, Khalid N. Anemia symptoms, causes, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. J Biomed Engg Res. 2019; 1(1): jber-2019070003.
5. Serhat Koran, MD, Arzu Irban, MD Analytical Approach to the Literature of Cupping Therapy J Korean Soc Phys Med 2021;16(3):1-14
6. Shrimanker I, Bhattarai S. Electrolytes. 2023 Jul 24. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 31082167.
7. Soliman, Yssra & Hamed, Nouran & Khachemoune, Amor. (2018). Cupping in dermatology: A critical review and update. Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica. 27. 103-107. 10.15570/actaapa.2018.21.
8. Tamer S. Aboushanab, Saud AlSanad, Cupping Therapy: An Overview from a Modern Medicine Perspective, Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, Volume 11, Issue 3,2018, Pages 83-87, ISSN 2005-2901 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2018.02.001.
9. Wang, You-yang & Fan, Hong-wei & Huang, Xiao-ming & Jiao, Yang. (2023). Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection after scarification wet cupping therapy: a case report and literature review. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 23. 10.1186/s12906-023-03932.
10. Mustafa ZR, Sheiko SK. Effectiveness of wet cupping versus blood donation in reducing hyperlipidaemia among hyperlipidemic individuals. Biochem. Cell. Arch. 2020, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 2735-2744
11. Elghblawi, Ebtisam. An Unusual Skin Allergy Post Wet Cupping. J. of Dermatological Res. 2016. April 1(1): 19-21
12. Mitterstiller, Anna & Raffay, Laura & Nairz, Manfred. (2022). Iron Deficiency, Anemia, and the Immune System. Springer Nature Switzerland 235-248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14521-6_18.
