Adverse Drug Reactions and Hypersensitivity: The Sulfonamide Story
Abstract
The knowledge and station of healthcare professionals toward robotic ADR reporting were low. There was also under reporting of ADR by healthcare professionals. The knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals toward spontaneous ADR reporting were low. There was also underreporting of ADR by healthcare professionals. Conducting awareness and educational training can fill the observed gap in knowledge and attitude. Simplification of the ADR reporting process, improving access to ADR reporting form, and implementation of electronic reporting combined with other methods for ADR reporting can improve the efficiency of the ADR reporting practice. An overview of sulfonamide development from its beginnings to today: Early Discovery (1930s): In 1932, Domagk discovered the antibacterial properties of Prontosil, the first sulfonamide drug, while working for the Bayer pharmaceutical company. Prontosil, a derivative of azo dyes, was found to be effective against streptococcal infections in mice Clinical Application (1930s1940s): Following the discovery of Prontosil, researchers worldwide began synthesizing and testing various sulfonamide derivatives. Discovery of sulfanilamide in 1937 and other derivatives like sulphapyridine and sulfadiazine shortly thereafter. Sulfonamides were quickly adopted for clinical use and became the first effective treatment for bacterial infections before the discovery of penicillin. They are used in the treatment of conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and certain types of cancer. However, the overuse and misuse of sulfonamides have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing challenges to their continued effectiveness in clinical practice.
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