Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Myofascial Release for trigger points in Upper cross Syndrome- An Experimental study
Keywords:
Upper cross syndrome, myofascial trigger point, myofascial release, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Abstract
In today’s lifestyle, faulty postures lead to musculoskeletal changes causing symptoms like neck and upper back pain. Postures such as bent posture result in deformities like rounded shoulders, forward head posture, and restricted thoracic spine mobility. Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is characterized by an unbalanced posture, overactive pectoralis and trapezius muscles, and postural abnormalities with muscle tightness and weakness. These issues can be corrected through strengthening and stretching exercises. This study aimed to compare the effects of myofascial release (MFR) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on individuals with UCS. A total of 112 subjects meeting inclusion criteria were divided into two groups. Group A received PNF and conventional physiotherapy exercises with a hot pack, while Group B received MFR and conventional physiotherapy exercises. Subjects aged 18 and above of all genders participated. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used as outcome measures for pretest and posttest evaluations. Assessments were conducted before treatment and after six weeks. Results showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in both groups. A comparison of NDI and VAS post-scores between groups indicated that PNF demonstrated superior outcomes to MFR. In conclusion, the experimental group receiving PNF outperformed the control group, confirming PNF's greater effectiveness in managing UCS compared to MFR.
References
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25. Kang TW, Jeong WM, Kim BR. Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises on the Neck Disability Index and Deep Neck Flexor Endurance of Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury. PNF and Movement. 2018;16(2):217-27.
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27. Yousuf A, Qazi D, Sandeela KA, Rasheed A, Mushtaq MU. Effectiveness of Myofacial Release versus Proprioceptive Neuro Facilitation Technique on Pain and Range of Motion in Patients with Cervicogenic Headache. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research [Internet]. 2024 Feb 20;4(1):780–7. Available from: https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/510
28. Çelik MS, Sönmezer E, Acar M. Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Somatosens Mot Res [Internet]. 2022 Oct 2;39(2–4):97–105. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2021.2018293
2. Sasun AR, Jawade S, Chitale N. Measuring the Efficacy of Myofascial Rollers and Post-isometric Relaxation Technique in Relieving Pain Intensity and Postural Deviation Using Plumb Line Assessment for the Treatment of Upper Cross Syndrome in Dental Undergraduate (UG) Students. Cureus. 2022 Oct 3;
3. Risaldar PB, Phansopkar P, Chitale N, Wadhokar OC, Arora SP. Comprehensive rehabilitation of a patient with upper crossed syndrome. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences. 2021 Jul 1;10(4):3179–81.
4. Mol N, Ashok A, K. U. DK. Upper Crossed Syndrome: Trends and Recent Advances in the Physiotherapy Treatment a Narrative Review. J Pharm Res Int. 2021 Dec 30;359–67.
5. Gupta M. https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-physical-therapy-sports-medicine [Internet]. Vol. 5, J Phys Ther Sports Med. 2021. Available from: https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-physical-therapy-sports-medicine/
6. Kim EK, Kim JS. Correlation between rounded shoulder posture, neck disability indices, and degree of forward head posture.
7. Bae WS, Lee HO, Shin JW, Lee KC. The effect of middle and lower trapezius strength exercises and levator scapulae and upper trapezius stretching exercises in upper crossed syndrome.
8. Ahmad S, Komal S, Shafique S. Comparison of effectiveness of myofascial trigger point release with manual therapy and myofascial release in combination with self stretching in upper cross syndrome. Journal of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences. 2019;(0):1.
9. Ribeiro DC, Belgrave A, Naden A, Fang H, Matthews P, Parshottam S. The prevalence of myofascial trigger points in neck and shoulder-related disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Vol. 19, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2018.
10. T Gulick D. Evidence-based interventions for myofascial trigger points. Phys Med Rehabil Res. 2016;1(3).
11. Khalid A, Ahmad J, Michelle A, Nazir S, Khalid N, Jabbar F. Comparative effects of Myofascial Technique Alone and In Combination with Isometrics on Myofascial pain Syndrome Due to Excessive Smartfone Usage. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. 2022 Jul 31;212–7.
12. Khan ZK, Ahmed SI, Baig AAM, Farooqui WA. Effect of post-isometric relaxation versus myofascial release therapy on pain, functional disability, rom and qol in the management of non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Dec 1;23(1).
13. McKenney K, Elder AS, Elder C, Hutchins A. Myofascial release as a treatment for orthopaedic conditions: A systematic review. Vol. 48, Journal of Athletic Training. 2013. p. 522–7.
14. Parikh RJ, Sutaria JM, Ahsan M, Nuhmani S, Alghadir AH, Khan M. Effects of myofascial release with tennis ball on spasticity and motor functions of upper limb in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (United States). 2022 Aug 5;101(31):E29926.
15. Ajimsha MS, Al-Mudahka NR, Al-Madzhar JA. Effectiveness of myofascial release: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015 Jan 1;19(1):102–12.
16. Hendra M, Nugraha S, Agung A, Angga G, Negara P, Komang N, et al. Sport and Fitness Journal THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION IN MECHANICAL NECK PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. 2021;9(2):103–8.
17. Smedes F, Heidmann M, Schäfer C, Fischer N, Stępień A. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-concept; the state of the evidence, a narrative review. Physical Therapy Reviews. 2016 Jan 2;21(1):17–31.
18. Shanker Tedla J, Rani Sangadala D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ismni.org
19. Lee JH, Park SJ, Na SS. The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Therapy on Pain and Function.
20. Comuk BalCi N, oZlem yuruk Z, ZeyBek asliCaN, GulseN mustafa, aGah tekiNdal mustafa. Acute effect of scapular proprioceptive neuro-muscular facilitation (PNF) techniques and clas-sic exercises in adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial.
21. hwang O, ha kyungjin, chOi S. The Effects of PNF Techniques on Lymphoma in the Upper Limbs.
22. Shin YJ, Kim WH, Kim SG. Correlations among visual analogue scale, neck disability index, shoulder joint range of motion, and muscle strength in young women with forward head posture. J Exerc Rehabil. 2017 Aug 1;13(4):413–7.
23. Bansal R, Paul M. EFFECTIVENESS OF MOTOR CONTROL THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE VS. PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION IN SUBJECTS WITH CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS ON PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research [Internet]. 2020 Oct 11;8(5):3620–7. Available from: https://www.ijmhr.org/IntJPhysiotherRes/IJPR.2020.162
24. Gashi AI, Kovačič T, Gashi F, Azemi A. The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on treating cervical radiculopathy. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2023 Mar 1;23(3):722–9.
25. Kang TW, Jeong WM, Kim BR. Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises on the Neck Disability Index and Deep Neck Flexor Endurance of Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury. PNF and Movement. 2018;16(2):217-27.
26. Pawaria S, Kalra S. Comparing Effectiveness of Myofascial Release and Muscle Stretching on Pain, Disability and Cervical Range of Motion in Patients with Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Care. 2015;2(1):8.
27. Yousuf A, Qazi D, Sandeela KA, Rasheed A, Mushtaq MU. Effectiveness of Myofacial Release versus Proprioceptive Neuro Facilitation Technique on Pain and Range of Motion in Patients with Cervicogenic Headache. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research [Internet]. 2024 Feb 20;4(1):780–7. Available from: https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/510
28. Çelik MS, Sönmezer E, Acar M. Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and myofascial release techniques in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Somatosens Mot Res [Internet]. 2022 Oct 2;39(2–4):97–105. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2021.2018293
How to Cite
Shivangi Dutta Jha, Shuaib Akhtar, Vajrala Krishna Reddy, Chhavi Kumar Sharma, Jyoti Sharma, & Mohammad Sidiq. (1). Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Myofascial Release for trigger points in Upper cross Syndrome- An Experimental study. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(2), 1705-1716. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i2.1945
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