Effect of Probiotics (Direct-Fed Microbials) in Poultry Production: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements that assist maintain the intestine's microbial equilibrium. A probiotic is a culture of a single bacterial strain or a mix of different strains that were made to help chickens get better from illnesses in their intestines. These bacteria, as well as fermented dairy products like yogurt and cultured buttermilk, are the main sources of probiotics. Antimicrobial properties, tolerance to low pH and bile salts, attachment to and colonization of the intestinal epithelium, as well as nonpathogenicity, are all characteristics of a good probiotic. Furthermore, it boosts immune responses, helps chickens grow and produce more eggs and meat, and enhances the quality of meat and eggs. Thus, probiotics are expected to meet a need in the chicken industry caused by pathogenic bacteria infections and antibiotic resistance, as well as environmental conditions that cause significant obstacles and financial losses in a lot of places. The researchers of this study investigated the favorable effects of probiotics in chicken production as customer tastes shift toward antibiotic- and feed-free animal products.