In Vivo Oncolytic Potency of Newcastle Disease Virus Gianyar-1/AK/2014 Virulent Strain Against Mice Fibrosarcoma Models
Abstract
Several viruses have oncolytic properties that can infiltrate neoplastic cells and multiply themselves in them. Through viral multiplication, neoplastic cells will be damaged and lysis. Virotherapy or using viral for alternative cancer treatments has been widely studied, one of the viruses that have oncolytic properties is the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In this study, NDV Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virulent strain was used for the virotherapy in mice fibrosarcoma models. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NDV on fibrosarcoma growth and its histopathological features. Mice-bearing fibrosarcomas were divided into two groups, i.e., the control group (K) was not given virotherapy and the treatment group (P) was injected NDV intratumorally at a dose of 0.5 mL/27 HA units, each group consisted of three mice. Fibrosarcoma diameters in both groups were measured at the beginning and the end of the study with vernier calliper. At the end of the study, three weeks post virotherapy, all of the mice were sacrificed, and tumour tissue samples were collected. The sample was fixed with 10% formalin neutral buffer, routinely processed for histopathological examination. From the diameter results, it was found that the mean diameter of tumours at the start of the study for the K group was higher than the end of the study (p<0.05) while the mean diameter of the P group did not show significant changes (p>0.05). Microscopic changes of fibrosarcoma in the K group were a high activity of angiogenesis, high amount of anaplastic fibroblast cells with pleomorphic nucleus, and frequent mitotic figures. While in the P group were found multifocal necrosis of tumour cells with the proliferation of macrophages, collagen tissue, several giant cells, low mitotic figures and fewer anaplastic fibroblast cell. It can be concluded that NDV Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virotherapy could inhibit fibrosarcoma growth in mice.