An In-Depth Review of Sheep's Genetic Immunity to Gastrointestinal Parasitic Nematodes
Abstract
Sheep farms have a significant challenge due to gastrointestinal nematode infections, which can lead to higher management along with treatment expenses, decreased output and even death in extreme situations. The hereditary resistance of sheep against gastrointestinal parasite nematodes is described as certain genes that modulate the immune system, diminishing vulnerability to infections and fostering resistance among the populace. An overview of the current state of knowledge about sheep gastrointestinal nematode infection-resistant indicators and the host immune response is presented in this paper. It has been shown that some sheep breeds and people are more resistant to gastrointestinal nematodes due to genetic polymorphisms. Breeding strategies aimed at improving host tolerance to illnesses might contribute to a lasting reduction in the issues. Attempts have been undertaken to distinguish between vulnerable and resistant animals based on indicator features. Genes with a recognized biological role that either directly or indirectly control how the illness under investigation develops are known as candidate genes. It has been demonstrated that the genes are linked to disease and they are more likely to be associated with the specific features of the disease. By identifying the genetic markers, breeding programs are able to apply marker aided selection, which improves selection accuracy. This review summarizes the key points on relevant genomic regions for GIN resistance or vulnerability phenotyping, the relationship between resistance markers and economically important production characteristics in sheep and various parameters used to assess nematode resistance.
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